Me essay
Monday, August 24, 2020
The 70 Most Conservative Colleges in America
The 70 Most Conservative Colleges in America SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the event that you hold solid political convictions, you might need to go to a school where the understudies, workforce, and organization share your qualities. Youââ¬â¢ll be bound to discover understudy bunches that are lined up with your inclinations and convictions. The estimations of the school will be bound to harmonize with your own, and youââ¬â¢ll presumably have a progressively pleasant school understanding. In this article, Iââ¬â¢ll give you the names of probably the most moderate universities in the United States. Besides, Iââ¬â¢ll detail the qualities of moderate universities, clarify the potential focal points and inconveniences of going to a traditionalist school, and exhort you on the most proficient method to locate a preservationist school that is a solid match for you. Qualities of the Most Conservative Colleges Traditionalist universities are politically conservative. The understudies will in general kindness preservationist positions like banning premature birth, lessening the size of government, and securing weapon rights. Christian schools are regularly progressively preservationist. Numerous Christian schools stick to increasingly conventional social perspectives and decides that draw in traditionalist Christian understudies and personnel. Moreover, preservationist universities are more exacting and controlled than liberal schools. Preservationist strict schools like BYU and the College of the Ozarks have exacting guidelines that all understudies must follow. At BYU, male understudies canââ¬â¢t have facial hair or long hair. These schools are significantly less open minded of liquor and medication use than liberal universities. Additionally, the furnished assistance institutes are known for being moderate. They have a lot a larger number of rules than the normal school with respect to individual appearance and lead. At last, the most preservationist schools frequently mirror the political leanings of their areas. A significant number of the most moderate schools are situated in traditionalist states. Instances of traditionalist schools in preservationist areas incorporate Clemson University (South Carolina), Utah State, and the University of Alabama. Be that as it may, there are traditionalist universities in liberal states. Pepperdine and Thomas Aquinas College are traditionalist schools in California, however theyââ¬â¢re both Christian universities. Potential Advantages of Attending a Conservative College In case you're a self-portrayed preservationist, you might be increasingly agreeable and cheerful at a school with numerous other moderate understudies. At extremely liberal schools, understudies are regularly not excessively tolerating and consider contrarily traditionalists. In the event that you go to a traditionalist school, youââ¬â¢re bound to meet individuals who share your political and social perspectives, and you won't be excluded for your convictions. Likewise, at a preservationist school, the workforce and organization are bound to acknowledge or put stock in moderate values.Studies have demonstrated that school staff will in general be considerably more liberal. On the off chance that youââ¬â¢re a preservationist understudy, you may not incline toward having your feelings assessed by a teacher who is probably going to hold totally different convictions. Also, moderate schools are commonly all the more tolerating of strict Christian understudies. A considerable lot of the most moderate universities are Christian schools that affirm Christian qualities and draw in Christian understudies. Indeed, even preservationist universities that are not Christian schools have a bigger extent of Christian understudies than liberal schools. Ultimately, moderate universities are bound to pressure discipline. The administration foundations expect understudies to adhere to numerous principles in regards to lead and appearance. While youngsters regularly despise rules, the control of administration foundation graduates may encourage their prosperity. The US Naval Academy and the US Military Academy both completed in the main 10 in Payscaleââ¬â¢s rankings of the best schools and colleges by pay potential. Likewise, The College of the Ozarks makes all understudies work, yet itââ¬â¢s an educational cost free school. US Military Academy Potential Disadvantages of Attending a Conservative College Contingent upon your convictions and your optimal school understanding, traditionalist universities may not be a solid match for you. On issues of sexuality, traditionalist schools are less inclined to have assets for and be tolerating of LGBT understudies. Also, the understudies at preservationist universities are bound to be against gay marriage. In the event that you are searching for a school where LGBT understudies are welcome, you may feel like a rebel at a preservationist school. Moderate schools will in general have more structure. On the off chance that you incline toward more opportunity and autonomy to coordinate your instruction and public activities, at that point you may feel limited by the order of preservationist universities. For example, a few schools have brutal guidelines with respect to when you can have guests in your residence, drinking, and medication use. At last, in the event that you need a school where a wide scope of understudies join in and where you can have your convictions all the more consistently tested, preservationist universities might be unreasonably homogeneous for your preferences. Traditionalist universities will in general pull in essentially understudies of preservationist leanings. On the off chance that you need a progressively liberal condition or a wide portrayal of convictions, traditionalist universities may feel one-note for you. Arrangements of the Most Conservative Colleges Specialty Specialty is a site that gives audits, rankings, and insights about neighborhoods and schools. It gives a wide range of school positioning records from the general best universities to the top party schools to the most liberal schools. The Niche rankings of the most preservationist schools depend on a political survey of 50,000 understudies from 747 universities. A full 80% of the rankings depends on understudy overview reactions with respect to the understudies' very own political leanings. The staying 20% depends on understudy study reactions with respect to the political leanings of different understudies at the school. The List Here are the main 50 most traditionalist schools as per Niche, with #1 being the most preservationist. There is a high level of private Christian universities on the rundown. The majority of the open colleges,such as Utah State, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Arkansas, are situated in traditionalist states. College of Mississippi (JR P/Flickr) School Area Acknowledgment Rate 1. Freedom University Lynchburg, VA 24% 2. Brigham Young University - Idaho Rexburg, ID 24% 3.Brigham Young University Provo, UT 48% 4.Cedarville University Cedarville, OH 69% 5.Bob Jones University Greenville, SC 87% 6.Franciscan University of Steubenville Steubenville, OH 79% 7.Colorado Christian University Lakewood, CO 94% 8.Utah State University Logan, UT 90% 9.Maranatha Baptist University Watertown, WI 68% 10.Biola University La Mirada, CA 65% 11.Oral Roberts University Tulsa, OK 68% 12.LeTourneau University Longview, TX 44% 13.Ouachita Baptist University Arkadelphia, AR 67% 14.Oklahoma Christian University Edmond, OK 61% 15.Samford University Birmingham, AL 91% 16.Cornerstone University Excellent Rapids, MI 63% 17.Southwestern Assemblies of God University Waxahachie, TX 23% 18.Evangel University Springfield, MO 75% 19.University of Mississippi College, MS 78% 20.Weber State University Ogden, UT 100% 21.University of North Georgia Dahlonega, GA 75% 22.Southeastern University Lakeland, FL 46% 23.Anderson University - South Carolina Anderson, SC 54% 24.Lee University Cleveland, TN 87% 25.Grove City College Forest City, PA 82% 26.Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach, FL 93% 27.Tarleton State University Stephenville, TX half 28.Crown College Holy person Bonafacius, MN 54% 29.Oklahoma Baptist University Shawnee, OK 60% 30.Harding University Searcy, AR 70% 31.University of Northwestern - St. Paul Holy person Paul, MN 87% 32.Wisconsin Lutheran College Milwaukee, WI 90% 33.Brigham Young University - Hawaii Laie, HI 27% 34.Dallas Baptist University Dallas, TX 43% 35.North Greenville University Tigerville, SC 59% 36.Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott Prescott, AZ 76% 37.Louisiana Tech University Ruston, LA 63% 38.Union University Jackson, TN 63% 39.South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 91% 40.Olivet Nazarene University Bourbonnais, IL 78% 41.Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, KS 87% 42.University of Dallas Irving, TX 80% 43.South Dakota School of Mines Technology Fast City, SD 85% 44.Ohio Christian University Circleville, OH 65% 45.Southern Utah University Cedar City, UT 72% 46.Campbell University Buies Creek, NC 81% 47.University of Saint Francis - Indiana Fortification Wayne, IN 97% 48.Northwestern College - Iowa Orange City, IA 66% 49.Wheaton College Wheaton, IL 79% 50.Asbury University Wilmore, KY 70% Brigham Young University Princeton Review The Princeton Review rankings for the most moderate universities depend on understudies' reactions to the inquiry Strategically, would you say you are left-wing, Democrat, center, Republican, conservative? The List The entirety of the schools that made the Princeton Review list for the best 20 most moderate universities are strict, situated in preservationist states, or administration foundations. The schools that made both the Niche and Princeton Review records are the University of Dallas, Brigham Young University, Grove City College, and Wheaton College. School Area Acknowledgment Rate 1.Grove City College Forest City, PA 93% 2.College of the Ozarks Point Lookout, MO 16% 3.Hillsdale College Hillsdale, MI 36% 4. College of Dallas Irving, TX 47% 5.Hapden-Sydney College Hampden-Sydney, VA 59% 6.Baylor University Waco, TX 39% 7.Wheaton College (IL) Wheaton, IL 85% 8. Coppery University Coppery, AL
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Has United States foreign policy been guided Essay Example
Has United States international strategy been guided Essay Example Has United States international strategy been guided Essay Has United States international strategy been guided Essay 2003, p. 3 ) The coherent and advantageous swapping for Communism, after the attacks of September 11, 2001, was Muslim fundamentalism, which needfully push American international strategy in the Middle East to the inside stage. American international strategy in the Middle East is one section where the battle between American optimism and American practicality, each piece great as a disappointment of creativity in surpassing a Cold War-esque great versus evilââ¬â¢ worldview, has caused genuine disappointments in strategy that have gone past the reasonable and influenced the lives and prosperity of 1000000s of individuals non just in the Middle East, yet over the Earth. The most imperative delineations are the for the most part nonreversible help the US has efficiently given to Israel at the disbursal of its neighbors, and the 2003 attack and ensuing business of Iraq, which is presently broadly respected around the world, with the rejection of the most hardline ideologists inside t he Bush Administration and its couple of Alliess, as a calamity. American help for Israel has been, and keeps on being, a profoundly convoluted undertaking represented by a mind boggling blend of echt kindheartedness, optimism, and balanced histrionpractical legislative issues. As the biggest individual state on Earth with a populace owing the greater part of its profound convention to Judeo-christian progress, the United States has a characteristic otherworldly liking to, and proclivity for, the state comprising a piece of the geographics from which Christianity and Judaism sprung, Israel. There is other than an extra, less normal undercurrent of otherworldly fundamentalism to US support for Israel ; numerous Americans of outreaching, or fundamentalist Christian religion believe that Jews are Godââ¬â¢s picked individuals and that it is subsequently proverbial that Israel keep a specific topographic point on the universe stage and luxuriate a specific cordial relationship with the US. To Muslims, particularly those in the Middle East, this is a self-obviously a profoundly violative impression ; to Buddhists and other Eastern religions, the full impression of a picked people blessed by a godlikeness who plays top picks to a great extent likely shows up senseless. There is other than a characteristic good inclination toward the difficulty of Jews, who experienced relentlessly flooring race murder during World War II, the comprehension for which is without a doubt a commendable factor in sing any amicable connection between the United States and Israel. At last, there is an extensive sober mindedness to US approach towards Israel: the Middle East, being both a verifiably unpredictable hotbed of power and precariousness and the area of oil key to the advantage of the US. It has ever been in the USââ¬â¢ advantage, so to hold a thoughtful, solid partner in the part which parcels its qualities. Israel has ever served this capacity great, providing both a stabilizer to different states and developments that do non accept amazi ngly of the US each piece great each piece working as an intermediary political histrion in the part. Sadly, there is a pointless politico-strict exceptionalism that controls a piece of US vision, and which the US and Israel divide â⬠viz. , a solid conviction that as reference points of favored opportunity and qualities, they are qualified for stifle others, militarily or socially, who do non hold with that solid conviction, and that the offices by which that coercion happens are, amusingly, much of the time absolved from judgment as being contrary with those equivalent hallowed qualities. The United States and Israel are joined together, for delineation, in the conviction that Iran ought to non be permitted to have nuclear arms, yet the United States has the most destructive hold of all states on Earth. Israel, while denying that is has nuclear arms ( all grounds to the converse ) , lastingly declares its right, regardless of whether by title or power, to ensure itself. Israel has over and over fought back against Palestinian Acts of the Apostless that slight human rights and qu alities, for example self destruction bombardments, by responding with military activities â⬠obvious and secretive â⬠which at any rate fiddle with a similar appalling methodological investigation as their resistances, rendering somewhat tricky Israelââ¬â¢s moral approval. This equivalent forceful position the inclination for oneself advocated pickings of preemptive political, monetary, and additionally military activity upon discretionary assurance has stamped United States international strategy under the removal of George W. Hedge. Basically, the US and Israel as often as possible do whatever they like under the rubric of self-protection, while take a firm standing that the offices of making so are absolved from crystalline good evaluating by different states. The confederation between the two, along these lines, has come at the disbursal of numerous other potential confederations in the Middle East and has built an articulated hesitation and disgrace of the United States among numerous Muslims, who see American approach in the Middle East as badly camouflaged Zionism, a unidimensional perspective which however meritable in some regard, contorts the more sound and kindhearted thought processes the US has for its confederation with Israel. The terminal outcome in any case is that the US as often as possible winds up in hard and dangerous condition of affairss with respect towards its inclusions in the Middle East because of its unbalanced preference towards Israel. Despite the fact that the Clinton and Bush removals publically pushed, and accomplished some work towards guaranting the privileges of Palestinians to hold their ain area existing together with Israel, the perceptual experience of partiality remains and contrarily impacts US incl usions in the Middle East. One of the primary feelings of spite among those Muslim fundamentalists who take part in psychological oppressor exercises is their accusal that the United States favors Israel and disregards Islam. While whatever ethics this accusal may hold can non reason such brutal Acts of the Apostless of power, the issues basic the accusal can non be disregarded in fruitful international strategy dynamic. Notwithstanding, the Bush Administration has shown little association in those issues, prefering punitory activity. The association among Israel and Iraq goes past their unimportant topographical propinquity. In fact, the other sore topographic point in American international strategy in the Middle East is its cataclysmal disappointment in Iraq, and this is non a luck. American optimism, or a rendition of it spread by an ideological movement predominant in the international strategy arrangement of the Bush Administration known as neoconservatism, drove the US to possess and occupied Iraq, the endeavor breaking down into a quagmire that has cost the US over $ 400 billion ( US ) , more than 3,000 existences of American military powers, and estimations of between 30,000 â⬠100,000 Iraqi perishes â⬠with not a single terminal to be seen. What inspired these neoconservatives, and who right? Blending to one of their ain, noted moderate international strategy mind Phillip Zelikow, the thought process behind Iraq needed to make with Israel: For what reason would Iraq attack America or use nuclear arms against us? I ll state you what I think the existent hazard ( is ) and truly has been since 1990 it s the threat against Israelâ⬠¦ And this is the danger that challenge non talk its name, in light of the fact that the Europeans do nt care profoundly about that hazard, I will state you sincerely. Furthermore, the American specialists does nt want to tilt too much troublesome on it logically, in light of the fact that it is non a well known sell. ( Zelikow, cited in Mekay, 2006 ) The neoconservatives of the Bush removal owe their discerning motivation for the most part to Leo Straus, a German-brought into the world political savant who fled Nazi Germany to escape mistreatment as a Jew. Strauss â⬠¦ showed his disciples a confidence in absolutes, scorn for relativism, and bliss in dynamic recommendations. He endorsed of Plato s honorable equivocations, ââ¬â¢ loathed quite a bit of present day life, and accepted [ in ] a Straussian world class in governmentâ⬠¦ ( Schlesinger, 2004 ) Neoconservative followers of Strauss fumed at what they saw as American inability to pull off Iraq under Saddam Hussein. The invasions on the US of September 11, 2001, gave the screen to the neoconservatives to work out the Iraq work under the rubric of self-preservation and preemptive activity. The neoconservative phantasy was that Iraq could be simple changed over into a popular government should the U.S. forgo Saddam Hussein in an amazing demonstration of power. The idea , thus, was to set up a second pivot of US intermediary power in the Middle East to enhance the US confederation with Israel, which would in twist lead to a Domino outcome of American qualities being taught into the Middle East and providing a stabilizer to unfriendly Islamic flows and guaranting the wellbeing of American association in oil. Be that as it may, Iraq has now slipped into a partisan common war between Muslim schemes who have little association in working as a signal of American qualities, and the US governmentââ¬â¢s deceitfulness in jointing its thought processes in the war has now been broadly uncovered. In this occasion, the catastrophe in Iraq was a result of the triumph of dreamer neoconservatism over realist sober mindedness in American international strategy. While American advantage in Middle East oil has ever given a steady pragmatist part to American international strategy, the marriage of and acquiescence of that sober mindedness to the vision of neoconser vative political direction was a fiasco in Iraq. The vision impelling American international strategy in Iraq, all things considered very much proposed it might hold been, experienced incredibly the hubris of self-expected American social, good, and military high caliber. A badly made a decision about blend of optimism and logic has prompted the US mistakes Iraq, and not well made a decision about unconditioned help of Israel, the two of which harmed US inv
Thursday, July 23, 2020
2008 Summer (Pics!)
2008 Summer (Pics!) Since I discovered that under my new schedule, I practically have NO classes on Thursday I started writing this entry. =p Summer 2008 was a fruitful one for me. To recap: Late May - Early July: Back in Taiwan, relaxing after a year of MIT. Took a short family vacation to Nagoya, Japan. Went on a volunteer health trip with a medical group (think Doctors Without Borders the Taiwanese version) into the Aborigines villages in Taiwan. Early July - Early August: Back in MIT, working on a UROP dealing with the genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans, a microscopic nematode. Took weekend trips to NYC, Montreal. Saw my first Fourth of July fireworks LIVE. Early August - Late August: Spent 16 days in Central America, traveling from Panama to Nicaragua to Honduras with the same medical group from Taiwan. The medical group is essentially a medical brigade that contained doctors, pharmacists, laboratory technicians (who could chemically analyze blood for components/diseases), and us (volunteers). My primary function was with registration (weight, blood pressure, temperature) and translating for doctors (yay Spanish!) These blog entries may help to explain a bit more. July Fourth My Summer, In Words Whee! Photos! These were generally what the villages that we worked in Taiwan looked like. Most of these were so far into the mountain that there was no cell phone reception, and electricity was only intermittent at night. Saw the Fourth of July fireworks LIVE at Bostons Hatch Shell Went to Montreal for a weekend to visit friends at McGill University. (note: Montreal is a really beautiful city and a great place to get away from Boston if you would like to go on a long weekend trip. Its only one hour by plane from Boston (granted, the plane tickets kind of expensive) and around eight hours by bus. Its such a relaxing city that contrasts so much with Boston! (random fact: did you know that Boston had the fastest pace of life in the United States? Even beating out New York City!)) This is what actual C. elegans look like under the microscope, in case youre curious. Then I went to Central America, and within the brigade, we had dentists A functional lab that could do blood, urine, and feces analysis. Some of the items we would test for include blood sugar, cholesterol, liver function, HIV, syphilis, pregnancy, hemoglobin, C-protein, full blood countetc. Each patients results is generally prepared within 30 minutes (were more efficient than hospitals!). A pharmacy that distributed medicine. General types of medicine that were handed out include painkillers, fever reducers, antacids, worm pills, and vitamins although there were probably around 70 different types of medicine. (yes, all the laboratory equipment, the medicine, the dental equipmentetc. were shipped from Taiwan as checked luggage on the airplane. As a result, each member of the brigade could only bring one duffel bags worth of personal items (clothes, toiletriesetc.) for the 16-day trip because it had to be carry-on. We brought a grand total of over 1000 kilograms of medical supplies/equipment to Central America.) This was really cool. When we arrived in Nicaragua, the Nicaraguan President, Daniel Ortega, had an audience with us. The hour-long meeting was held in the Presidential Office (in reality his house) and was broadcasted live on their national television. Afterwards, President Ortega surprised us by shaking hands with every single one of us! Yes, I got to shake hands with a President!! (note: Later, when we finished our work in Honduras, we also got to shake hands with the First Lady of Honduras.) The kids that came out after our clinic in rural Nicaragua. Since I dont want to flood the entry with pictures, there are actually some more photos here. To summarize, I enjoyed this summer a lot. I got to go back home and visit my family for a month (I even attended the 2008 graduation of my high school!), which provided a very welcoming rest. I was exposed to a deeper level of my UROP that I was working on during the school year in July, and I had the opportunity to travel to Central America and dedicate my time in providing service for the people there. An added bonus is that my UROP and Junction (AP World History class) pay covered my Central America trip plus my weekend trips! A few entries ago, someone asked, How do you get exposed to all of these opportunities? I think the simple answer is just this In college, you have an amazing opportunity to try a lot of new things, and I believe that as long as you look hard enough, you would always find cool things to do. Of course, your idea of whats fun might not entail going to different places or even doing work during the summer, but theres definitely something out there for everyone. Opportunities may not come looking for you, but theyre there you just have to reach out and grasp them. (this also goes for high school!) Random fact: I had lizard meat for the first time this summer! To be honest, it tastes like chicken (just like frogs, rats, and everything else thats exotic) =p
Friday, May 22, 2020
The Artist And The Art Essay - 1146 Words
The Artist and the Art nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The history of art dates back to ancient times. Artwork can be, and was, found around the world. What makes art interesting is that it can be created in any way, shape or form with any materials. It seems that the artwork can also tell us a lot about the artist. Art seems to be simply, a direct, visual reflection of the artistââ¬â¢s life. Therefore, one can assume that an artistââ¬â¢s life experiences and beliefs directly influence their art. If we look at examples from different periods of art we will be able to see the connection between the artist and the art. One of the earliest examples of beliefs and tradition affecting art can be seen in Ancient art. The ancient Egyptians had a strongâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This could be true, but it just shows how life experiences also directly influence the outcome of a piece. If we look at periods closer to the present we can also see other strong examples of the relevance between art and the artist. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Impressionism began during the 19th century. An example of an artistââ¬â¢s beliefs influencing his art can be seen in the works of Pierre Auguste Renoir. It is documented that he felt that art should be different from the real world, which can be cold and harsh. He said, ââ¬Å"Why shouldnââ¬â¢t art be pretty?â⬠and ââ¬Å"There are enough unpleasant things in the world.â⬠An example of his attitude towards art can be seen in ââ¬ËA Girl with a Watering Canââ¬â¢ from 1876. This picture can easily be interpreted as being beautiful and therefore it proves that his belief of art is true. ââ¬ËDance at Bougivalââ¬â¢ from 1883, is yet another example of the artist and the inspiration for the art. By painting an attractive scene with two people dancing accompanied by laughing faces in the background we see a correlation between his quotes above and this piece. Therefore, one can conclude that Renoir painted mostly beautiful and attractive art. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unfortunately, for some artists, the reality of life isnââ¬â¢t so beautiful. One of the most talented, yet mentally ill artists of all time was Vincent Van Gogh. He was also from the 19th century belonging to the post-impressionists. In order for one to analyze the art ofShow MoreRelatedArtists And The Art Trade2204 Words à |à 9 Pagesââ¬ËWhile artists and the art trade were in the business of presenting the new, this was a conceptual challenge for museums.ââ¬â¢ (Altshuler, 2008, 15). Discuss the challenges that advanced artistic practice presented for museums in the late 19th and early 20th century. The period of the second half of the 19th and the beginnings of the 20th century saw some of the most extensive transformations in the art market and the institution of the art museum in history. With the rise of the avant-garde and newRead MoreThe Rebirth Of Art : Patrons And Artists936 Words à |à 4 PagesRebirth of Art: Patrons and Artists The Renaissance, or ââ¬Å"re-birth,â⬠was a flourishing period of art that produced and developed different styles of art and other innovations. The art market grew tremendously due to the rise of materialism and a market for expensive goods. Art was not only viewed as an object for worship, but also as a highly valuable commodity. Artists were no longer just seen as artisans, but as talented artists, and the patrons were seen as wealthy, powerful people. The art marketRead MoreStreet Art : Street Artist1044 Words à |à 5 PagesStreet art is a topic that falls under one of those situations. Many people associate street art with gangs, vandalism, violence, and other controversial topics. Being realistic, it is understandable why society may have this opinion of street art, but it also serves many other significant purposes. Street art can be used as a medium to voice political and social opinions of a community, and also spread awareness. Banksy, an anonymous street artist, i s one of the most controversial street artist in theRead MoreAn Artist s Metamorphosis : Art886 Words à |à 4 PagesAn Artistââ¬â¢s Metamorphosis Art has always been a part of my life for as long I can remember. Art class was what I anxiously looked forward to in grade school. I recall the sadness that I would experience when my teacher did not pick my coloring sheet to be put on the wall of my second grade classroom, but I also remember the immense pride I experienced when I discovered that my seahorse sculpture had been picked to be put in the Zane Grey museum in the third grade. I participated in Chalk On the WalkRead MoreArt And The Artist s Knowledge1872 Words à |à 8 PagesWith art as a medium through which the artist communicates knowledge to an audience, this knowledge has the potential to create meaning and purpose in our personal lives. When someone accepts the artistââ¬â¢s claims as personal knowledge, he gains an understanding that is personally significant to his life. Meaning lies in the individualââ¬â¢s personal interpretation of artwork he deems significant and accepts as personal knowledge. Conversely, the audience finds purpose in the knowledge an artist sharesRead MoreStreet Art And Graffiti - Street Artists1296 Words à |à 6 PagesStreet art and graffiti has grown increasingly popular worldwide in the last few decades. This is because street artists are given the opportunity to showcase their ideas and opinions freely, and do not allow themselves to be limited by regulations of the law or public opinion. Street artists can express the unpopular opinion without worry that they will be punished for it, as these artists often work anonymously. According to Michael DeNotto from St. Maryââ¬â¢s University of Minnesota, street art allowsRead MoreStreet Art Installments By An Anonymous Artist994 Words à |à 4 Pages Both of these works are street art installments by an anonymous artist in LA who is known as Skid Robot. This artist travels around LA to different homeless areas and spray paints imaginary homes for the homeless to bring awareness to the growing poverty level in LA and the rest of the country. I have been fortunate enough to see one of these installments while driving in Los Angeles and it makes you stop and think about the current poverty situation in our world. THE PEASANTS OF RURAL PAINTINGSRead More20th Century Arts and Artist Paper1683 Words à |à 7 Pages20th Century Arts and Artist Paper The subject of this course is an exploration of the ideas and values from the Scientific Revolution to the Second World War, examining the various revolutions in the world (scientific, political, economic, social, spiritual and artistic) and their impact on philosophy, theology, literature and the arts. This course so far has allowed me to see the influence of the Western thinking, forms of thinking and ideas on non-Western cultures and vice versa. As an accomplishmentRead MoreEssay on Art Shows the Viewpoint of the Artist918 Words à |à 4 PagesArt is a form of expression that can be conveyed by people in several different ways. Paintings, sculptures, and drawings are only a few types of art that have been around for hundred years, and that have been conveying with human emotions. In the past, famous artists, such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Caravaggio, and Michelangelo, were mostly known by individuals who had the resources to travel and visit their work. In many ways, art was, and is, seen as a form to demonstrate class superiority in societyRead MoreThe Great Artists Of The Conceptual Art Movement1891 Words à |à 8 PagesWhen one thinks of Art the most popular image is of great works, famous for their visually pleasing and intellectually rousing qualities. These works, aside from being visually and intellectually stimulating, have been used to challenge and encourage an audience to think about what itââ¬â¢s representing in flexible and open-minded ways, this is usually done by shocking the audience out of their ââ¬Å"complacencyâ⬠when viewing artworks. The great artists of the Conceptual Art movement especially emphasised
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Sylvia Plath, a Poet and Her Depression - 525 Words
When asked about her autobiographical novel, ââ¬Å"The Bell Jarâ⬠, Sylvia plath responded that ââ¬Å"the trouble was, i had been inadequate all along, I simply hadnââ¬â¢t thought about itâ⬠(Sylvia Plath Quotes). Plath was the editor for her school newspaper and sent in poems to different magazines (PAL). Junior year is when her depression started, as she couldnââ¬â¢t afford her dream college (PAL). Sylvia Plath struggled a lifetime of depression that was reflected in her writings. Sylvia Plath was a troubled young poet who wrote mostly about the difficulties within her family and marriage. Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts on October 27, 1932 and died on February 11, 1963 in London, England. In her early life she faced many obstacles, one being her father passing away when she was only 8 years old due to complications from diabetes (poets.org). Plath, herself struggled with depression as she tried to kill herself many times. Therefore these feelings of hers reflected in her poetry. Having a high expectation to be perfect, Plathââ¬â¢s depression was often a result of writers block (PAL).Plathââ¬â¢s poems continued to encourage her large audience of readers who were facing the same issues with depression and other struggles.(Poetry Foundation). Plath was a loving wife to Ted Hughes and later a wonderful mother to her two children (poets.org). Plath gave birth to two children in 1960 and 1962, Frieda and Nicholas Hughes (poets.org). Also in 1962 her h usband, Hughes left her for another women,Show MoreRelatedPeople s Love At First Sight By Sylvia Plath1567 Words à |à 7 Pages People dream of falling in love at first sight. Sylvia Plath, an American writer, experienced the desirable moment the first time she saw Ted Hughes, an English poet (Middlebrook). The romantic relationship between Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath grew instantly. They both shared a love of writing, but yet their relationship began to go downhill five years after their marriage (Popova). The marriage between Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath was destructive because of Sylviaââ¬â¢s unstable mental health and Tedââ¬â¢sRead MoreSylvia Plath s Life And Life1425 Words à |à 6 Pages2013) This is a quote from Sylvia Plath, a poet who faced many obstacles in her life including attempting suicide; getting divorced due to lies and infidelity; and leaving her children behind. Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston Massachusetts Plathââ¬â¢s father Otto Plath author of a book on bees. (The Famous People Website, 2013; About.com, 2013). Her father taught at Boston University, where he met Aurelia Schober Plathââ¬â¢s mother who studied to get her masterââ¬â¢s degree in teachingRead MoreEssay about Sylvia Plath: A Novelist and her Brief Life705 Words à |à 3 Pagesnovelist and poet, Sylvia Plath, lived a hard and tragic life. Plath was diagnosed with depression, a mood disorder that causes consistent feelings of sadness, at a very young age that made her life complicated in many ways. The battle continued on when she was diagnosed with severe depression later on in life which contributed to her death. Sylvia Plath was a very successful novelist and poet in the thirty short years of her life, however, the achievements were not enough to mask her depression battleRead MoreContributions Of Sylvia Plath1302 Words à |à 6 PagesThrougho ut the decades many great poets and writers have influenced and impacted the literature that we read today. Henrik Ibsenââ¬â¢s pivotal work regarding social and moral issues of his day and Sigmund Freudââ¬â¢s writing pertaining to peoplesââ¬â¢ mental health are just a few of examples of profound writers who contributed to the growth and development of literature. Sylvia Plath was also a profound writer and one of the most respected poets and prose writer of her time as well. She was once described asRead MorePoetry Is Not Turning Loose From Emotion, By Sylvia Plath Essay1092 Words à |à 5 Pagesout. Sylvia Plath effectively expresses her complicated emotions in a form that is bizarre to some. Leaving the reader in curiosity, she uses the stroke of a pen to capture the people who can not capture themselves. Sylvia Plath effectively captivates her readers appeal through her poetry by using emotional appeal, powerful language, and profound and developing structure. Sylvia Plath had a past that represents the type of hell that is unimaginable by a normal mind. Her birth by the seed of her educatedRead MoreSylvia Plath: The Exemplary Confessional Poet1015 Words à |à 5 Pagessuicide, it is no surprise that Sylvia Plath wrote poetry in this style. Plath suffered from depression most of her life and used writing as an outlet (Spinello). In her works ââ¬Å"Cut,â⬠ââ¬Å"I Am Vertical,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Lady Lazarus,â⬠Plath exemplifies confessional poetry through the themes of resentment, death, and mental illness. To understand why Plath is placed in the literary category that she is, there needs to be knowledge of her personal life. Born in 1932 in Massachusetts, Plath led a short and tragic lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plath s Poem, Metaphor s ``996 Words à |à 4 PagesSylvia Plath s poem, Metaphor s, is about a woman who is significantly distressed about her pregnancy. The poet playfully pieces together nine metaphors that are vastly unrelated, but she tones the poem so that a sense of depression and emptiness creep over the reader to tie together the theme. The very first line of the poem begins by opening the meaning directly to the reader. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m a riddle in nine syllables,â⬠. (Line 1) It shows the reader it is a nine line riddle to be solved. It is to beRead MoreLady Lazarus, by Sylvia Plath1110 Words à |à 5 PagesLazarusâ⬠is a poem by Sylvia Plath, written in 1962 shortly before her death in early 1963, and published posthumously by her husband, poet Ted H ughes, in 1965 in the collected volume Ariel. ââ¬Å"Lady Lazarusâ⬠is a poem about suicide as a rebirth, and was in part inspired by Plaths own life and draws heavily on Plaths lifelong struggle with bipolar depression and suicidal feelings, and uses holocaust imagery to paint a bleak portrait of suicide and hopelessness. Sylvia Plath was born in Boston, MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Daddy By Sylvia Platt901 Words à |à 4 Pagescharacter explains his dislike of her father and how he is happy that he has died. He stated that she would have rather killed him herself. I believe that his father was a Nazi during the Holocaust. Initially when I first read the story I did not understand the meaning of it, but after reading it a second time I understood why the main character felt the way he felt. The main character was afraid to be around his father, He couldnââ¬â¢t even sneeze the wrong way around him. Her father is described as a bigRead MoreThe Life Of Sylvia Plath Essay1313 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Life of Sylvia Plath Sylvia Plath was a very dedicated author who lived from 1932-1963. She is best known for her poetry. Plath started writing and was a published poet at a very young age. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Plathââ¬â¢s first poem was published when she was eight years old. ââ¬Å"Plathââ¬â¢s poems explore her own mental anguish, her troubled marriage to fellow poet Ted Hughes, her unresolved conflicts with her parents, and her own vision of herselfâ⬠(Poetry Foundation). Plath was a devoted
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Financial Performance Analysis of Tesco Plc and J Sainsbury Plc. Free Essays
A comparison of the performance of Tesco Plc and Sainsbury Plc, both listed on the London Stock Exchange Introduction: This report will compare Tesco Plc and Sainsbury Plc, paying close attention to selected ratios for comparison. The ratios have been chosen to show profitability, efficiency and liquidity of both companies over a three-year period. Both companies operate in the UK grocery sector, with both classed in the big-4 supermarkets. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Performance Analysis of Tesco Plc and J Sainsbury Plc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the latest Kantar Worldpanel (2014) report, Tesco held 29.6% of the UK grocery market in top place, while Sainsbury held 17% of the market, holding third place after ASDA. In addition to their main grocery business, both companies have business in other services, including clothing, non-food items, banking and insurance services, as well as international operations for Tesco. Of the two, Tesco has more of a focus on its non-food and non-UK business. According to Tescoââ¬â¢s latest Annual Report (2013), sales from non-UK markets represent ?20.8Billion of revenue, with revenue from Asia growing 6% over 2013; while revenue from the UK banking operation is ?1Billion. In comparison, Sainsburyââ¬â¢s total revenue (all-UK) only amounts to ?23.03Billion, with non-food and banking making up a much smaller proportion of sales, Sainsburyââ¬â¢s (2013). Performance analysis of your chosen companies: This section will consider a number of ratios to determine company performance, splitting the ratios up into profitability, efficiency and liquidity. This report will then use the Annual Reports as well as supporting analysis to determine the reasoning behind the results. Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratios are a sign whether a company has the ability to pay off short-term obligations (debts due to be paid within one year). Generally, a higher value is desired as this indicates greater capacity to meet debt obligations, for example, shareholders may prefer a company to have current assets that are greater than current liabilities, indicating that the company can repay all debts at short-notice if required, (Koller, 2011) The Current ratio measures a businesses ability to repay short-term liabilities such as accounts payable and short-term debt using short-term assets such as cash, inventory and receivables. This would be the value of a companyââ¬â¢s current assets that could be converted to cash over the next twelve months compared to the value of liabilities that may mature over the same period, (Peterson, 2012). The Current ratio is useful as it shows whether a company has adequate resources to repay short-term debt or if it will experience cash flow problems in the near term. A ratio of 2:1 is usually considered a benchmark, however, this may vary across industries depending on cash-flow. A ratio of less than one suggests that the company may not have sufficient resources to settle its short-term debt obligations. For a more conservative alternative, Current Assets may be adjusted to remove inventory, as inventory may be viewed as not very readily convertible to cash; for example, to shift inventory fast, the business may have to discount products. With this the value of inventories will be lower than the value recorded on financial statements. This is known as the Quick ratio, (Moyer et al, 2011) The calculations can be seen in Appendix 1. The results are shown below: The results above show that both retailers have low ratios compared with the benchmark mentioned above; however this may be the case due to: There are very few trade receivables on the books, while trade payables are higher suggesting that the business could effectively operate without any cash. Discussed more in Efficiency. Both businesses have a high level of turnover and high level of cash-generation which could be used to meet short-term obligations. Investor confidence in both businesses would allow the ratios to be lower. Investorââ¬â¢s may demand higher ratios from start-up or ââ¬Ëriskierââ¬â¢ companies. Comparing the two, Tesco plc, has the higher ratio, which may be down to the business having much higher receivables then Sainsburyââ¬â¢s. For example, in 2013, receivables made up 41.7% of total current assets at Tesco, compared with just 15.9% at Sainsburyââ¬â¢s. This may be down to Tesco having a greater focus on higher-value non-food items through its catalogue business. Higher receivables present higher risks, given some consumers may have an in-ability to pay. Profitability Ratio Profitability ratios measure a companyââ¬â¢s profitability. As profits are used to fund capital expenditure and pay dividends, these measures will be important to analysts and closely watched in terms of industry comparisons. Earnings per Share (EPS) measures the earnings available of each share, a shareholder may use this calculation to determine the level of earnings available for each share owned; this could then be compared with the actual dividend to determine the payout ratio. Again, this would be important to a shareholder as a company would use income for either dividends or capital expenditure; so, if dividends are low, investors would expect higher capital expenditure in the hope of increasing the future value of the business, increasing share-price, leading to capital gains. Other ratios to be considered are Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin. Gross profit margin considers revenue minus the cost of goods sold. A companyââ¬â¢s gross profit margin may also be viewed as a measurement of production efficiency. A company with a gross profit margin higher than that of its competitors, or the industry average, is deemed to be more efficient and is therefore, all things being equal, preferred, (Paramasivan, 2009). Net profit margin considers the net income once all costs are removed. With this, the margin could be seen as determined by a range of factors including competition or rising costs. Given the results above, Tesco appears to be in a better position given its margin; however this may be down to Tescoââ¬â¢s exposure to a greater non-food business through its catalogue, where it can achieve greater margins, (Head, 2013) [Online]. To add, a greater online presence may have also benefitted Tescoââ¬â¢s margin, giving the lower overheads involved. However in its latest results, Tesco took a charge of ?1.26Billion for exiting its U.S business, which impacted on net profit margin and EPS, (Tesco, 2013). The figures are surprising given Sainsburyââ¬â¢s perception as a more expensive grocer compared to rivals Tesco Plc. The figures also show a falling margin for both grocers in 2013, which could be down to the intense competition in the sector, and supermarket ââ¬Ëprice warââ¬â¢. Efficiency Ratio Efficiency ratios determine how efficient a company is using liabilities/ assets to generate revenue for the business. Ratios such Sales to Inventory could be used to determine the efficiency of the business compared with peers. From the results above, it appears that Sainsburyââ¬â¢s has a greater control over its stock levels, as the company is able to turn over its inventory at a faster pace, which will be important in the grocery industry to reduce waste. However, it must again be noted that Tesco Plc, has greater exposure to the non-food business, which will then impact on stock levels, in particular for its catalogue business, which sells higher-value items such as electricalââ¬â¢s. Another efficiency to mention could be the difference seen between average receivables and average payables. For example take Tesco in 2011; receivables turnover (sales / average receivables) was 60,455/ 4,457 = 13.56, which translated into 27 Days (365 / 13.56). Payables turnover was 55,330 / 5,786 = 9.56, which translates into 38 Days (365/ 9.56). With this, Tesco receives the all the money from sales in 27 Days on average, whereas it doesnââ¬â¢t have to pay suppliers for the goods sold for 38 Days on average. Effectively, the business could survive without cash. Given less focus on non-food items, Sainsburyââ¬â¢s position is favorable to Tesco. Receivables turnover comes in at just 5 Days, while payables turnover comes in at 34 Days on average. Conclusion: Based on the ratios above it appears that Tesco would be the favoured choice, given higher margins stemming from operations in non-food items and a greater online presence. To add, Tesco has a greater presence on the high-street, and so an ability to take advantage of the UK economic recovery. Tescoââ¬â¢s exposure outside of the grocery market could also be seen as a benefit when rivals from Aldi, Lidl and Waitrose continue to take grocery market share. According to Kantar Worldpanel (2014), over the past 3 years, the 3 grocers above have taken a combined 3.5 share points from competitors, equating to around ?4.4Billion in sales. Momentum continues with Y-O-Y growth at Aldi accelerating to 33.5%, compared with Tesco, who over the six-weeks to February 2nd 2014, experienced a 2.4% drop in sales, (Webb, 2014) [Online]. Increasing competition in the industry has led to another supermarket ââ¬Ëprice-warââ¬â¢, which is expected to knock margins again as retailers vie for market s hare. Again, Tesco Plc will be the favoured choice due to its exposure to non-food business as well as international operations, which have potential to drive future sales. Recently, Tesco has announced it will enter the Indian market, under a 50:50 joint venture with Tata, making it the first foreign supermarket to enter Indiaââ¬â¢s ?330Billion retail sector. Given this, Tesco Plc, could be seen as less risky than Sainsbury Plc, given the greater scope of income streams. When considering an investment, other figures may be considered to do with investor returns. First is dividend pay-outs; dividend growth has been stagnant for both companies over a three-year period, while Graph 1 below shows the share price performance, showing that over a three-year period, shares in Tesco and Sainsbury are down by 32.41% and 19.48% respectively. Tesco Plc. is favoured given its extensive offering of businesses, both UK and international, which are expected to benefit as the global recovery strengthens. The main benefit is the business scope, with potential risk in the UK grocery market mitigated by improved performance from other operations and international sales. Sainsburyââ¬â¢s is more exposed to the growing competition on the UK market given the UK market represents the lions-share of its revenue. Tesco is well-placed to take advantage of improving sediment through its multi-channel business. In its latest Interim Report (2013)1, Tesco mentioned sales were supported by strong growth in online retailing (+13% in UK and +54% Overseas), and strong clothing sales up 8.4%. To add, the report also mentioned that UK margins had been hit since FY2013 results, falling to 5.2% (possible downside for Sainsburyââ¬â¢s too), however reported a 6% margin from Asian operations and 17.7% margin from its banking operations, showing that expansion is paying off for the company, (Tesco, 2013)1. References: Bloomberg (2014) [Online]: Company Share Prices, Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks/, Accessed 25/03/2014. Financial Times (2014) [Online]: Tesco Plc, Available at http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=TSCO:LSE, Accessed 25/03/2014. Financial Times (2014)1 [Online]: J Sainsbury Plc, Available at http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=SBRY:LSEsubview=IncomeStatement, Accessed 25/03/2014. Head, R (2013) [Online]: This is why Iââ¬â¢m considering buying J Sainsbury, Available at http://www.fool.co.uk/investing/2013/10/07/this-is-why-im-considering-buying-j-sainsbury-plc-today/, Accessed 25/03/2014. Kantar Worldpanel (2014): Unprecedented changes in grocery retailing in the UK, UK, Kantar Worldpanel. Koller, T, Goedhart, M and Wessels, D (2011): Valuation; Measuring and managing the value of companies, US, McKinsey Company. Moyer, C, McGuigan, J and Rao, R (2011): Contemporary Financial Management, USA, South-Western Cengage Learning. Paramasivan, P (2009): Financial Management, USA, New Age International. Peterson, P and Fabozzi, F (2012): Analysis of Financial Statements, USA, Wiley Finance. Sainsburyââ¬â¢s (2013): Annual Report 2013, London, J Sainsbury Plc. Tesco (2013): Annual Report 2013, London, Tesco Plc. Tesco (2013)1: Interim Report 2013-2014, London, Tesco Plc. Webb, S (2014) [Online]: Supermarket price war looms, Available at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2566542/Every-little-helps-Tesco-slash-prices-attempt-boost-sales-losing-ground-rivals.html, Accessed 25/03/2014. Appendices: Appendix 1 The following tables provide calculations for the chosen ratios. Figures obtained from Financial Times (2014) [Online] and Financial Times (2014)1 [Online]. How to cite Financial Performance Analysis of Tesco Plc and J Sainsbury Plc., Essay examples
Monday, April 27, 2020
Japan Tsunami 2011 free essay sample
As one plate subducts below another (moves underneath), pressure builds for many years resulting in a section of the mega-thrust giving away. As this section gives away, it ruptures the ocean floor, resulting in a massive displacement of water, causing a tsunami. Tsunamis are barely felt as a ripple on the oceanââ¬â¢s surface, but as the waves reach land, they increase in size as the water becomes shallower. Japan earthquake and tsunami At 2:46pm Japanese time, on March 11th 2011, an earthquake with the magnitude of 9. 0 took place 100km of the coast of Japan, and was the 5th most powerful earthquake ever recorded. It was caused by the Pacific plate and the Okhotsk plate. The Pacific plate has always been moving under the Okhotsk plate at a speed of 8. 9cm a year, building up pressure (destructive plate boundary ââ¬â continental and oceanic plate moving towards each other). Pressure being released caused the Pacific plate to snap back, releasing the pressure as an earthquake that lasted 5 minutes, and also causing a massive displacement of water, the result of which is a tsunami. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan Tsunami 2011 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tsunami travelled at 500mph towards Sendai, and went up to 10km inland in the Sendai area, reaching a height of about 33ft. It reached Tokyo in 90 seconds from its original point 232 miles away. Tokyo had 60 seconds warning. Ofanato was hit 20 minutes after the earthquake, Onagawa and Sendai were said to be the most effected places. There were two other earthquakes after; one 26. 6km off the coast of Hokkaido at 6:08pm local time. It measured 6. 9 on the Richter scale, and was followed by a 20cm tsunami. The other occurred almost 3 hours after the first earthquake. It measured 5. 7 on the Richter scale, and struck 90km east of Tokyo. Outcomes: 9,079 deaths, 2,628 injured, over 12,000 missing. The final death toll was 15,883. Coast line lowered over 1 metre, rendering the sea walls at Miyako useless. Moved portions of northeast Japan closer to North America by 7. 9ft. Earthquake shifted the Earthââ¬â¢s axis 25cm, and sped up the rotation, shortening the day by 1. 8 microseconds. Towns such as Ofunato and Kuju are said to have been ââ¬Å"swept awayâ⬠. Cities such as Miyako, Onagawa, Namie, and many more had been destroyed. Early estimates put the economic loss at about $14. 5 $34. 6 billion from the earthquake alone. Full economic loss estimated at $171 ââ¬â $183 billion. At least 3 nuclear power stations faced explosions; the energy released was equivalent to 9. 32 teratons of TNT. Tsunami was equivalent to 1 million swimming pools being emptied on Japan. The Fukushima nuclear disaster. Said to be the worst atomic accident since Chernobyl 1986. The tsunami knocked out the cooling systemââ¬â¢s power supply. Resulted in 10,000 tonnes of contaminated water going into the sea. Massive atmospheric emissions hit peak on March 15th and remained high until March 19th. Surrounding areas were evacuated and was only deemed safe on December the 16th. How did they try and stop it? 10 metre high sea walls in Miyako. The people of Miyako are used to tsunami drills. Hawaii research centre sent out pager messages when detected. Warnings shut down the nuclear reactors. However, the reactors need time to cool. Tectonic Plates. The Earth is made up of 4 layers: inner core, outer core, mantle, and the crust. The crust is made up of Tectonic plates that are constantly in motion. The inner core is the centre of the Earth. Itââ¬â¢s a solid made from mostly iron and nickel. The outer core is the liquid layer surrounding the inner core. The mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Made from a semi molten rock called magma. The crust is the outer layer of the earth. Itââ¬â¢s fairly thin and made of solid rock. There are two types of crust: continental crust which carries land, and oceanic crust, which carries water. The Earthââ¬â¢s crust is broken up into plates. Heat rising and falling in the mantle creates convection currents, generated by the radioactive decay of the core. The convection currents move the plates. Where the convection currents diverge near the Earthââ¬â¢s crust, the plates move apart. Where the currents converge the plates move together. The movement of the plates and activity inside the Earth is called Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics cause earthquakes and volcanoes. The point where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur on or near plate boundaries. Different kinds of plate boundaries. At a constructive plate boundary, the plates move apart. At a destructive plate boundary, the plates move together. At a conservative plate boundary, the plates slide past each other. Constructive. As the plates move apart (very slowly), magma rises from the mantle. The magma erupts to the surface of the Earth. This can also be accompanied by earthquakes. When them magma reaches the surface, it solidifies to form a new crust of igneous rock. Eventually the new rock builds up to form a volcano. Constructive boundaries tend to be found under the sea, e. g. The Mid Atlantic Ridge. Here, chains of underwater volcanoes have formed along the plate boundary (where the tectonic plates meet). Underwater volcanoes, over time, can grow large enough to become volcanic islands, e. g. The Hawaiian islands. Destructive. At a destructive plate boundary, the plates move towards each other. This usually involves and continental and an oceanic plate. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate, so when they move together, the oceanic plate is forced underneath the continental plate, the point at which is called the subduction zone. As the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate, it melts into magma, and the earthquakes are triggered. The magma collects to form a magma chamber. This magma then rises through the cracks in the continental crust. As pressure builds, a volcanic eruption may occur. Destructive plate boundaries can also form mountains. As the plates move together, the continental crust is squashed together and forced upwards. This is called folding. The process of folding creates Fold Mountains. Fold Mountains can also be formed when two continental plates push together. This is how mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and the Alps were formed. Conservative. At a conservative boundary, nothingââ¬â¢s formed and nothingââ¬â¢s destroyed. The plates lock together and pressure builds. As the pressure is released, earthquakes are triggered. An example is the Pacific plate (faster moving) rubbing against the North American plate. This causes earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault line, disturbing cities such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. Earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by the release of built up pressure in the Earthââ¬â¢s crust. An earthquakeââ¬â¢s power is measured on the Richter scale using an instrument called a seismometer. An earthquake is the shaking and vibration of the Earthââ¬â¢s crust. Plates donââ¬â¢t often move smoothly together and sometimes get stuck. When this happens pressure builds up. When pressure is finally released, there is generally and earthquake. Earthquakes can happen along any type of plate boundary. The point inside the Earthââ¬â¢s crust where the pressure is released is called the focus. The point on the Earthââ¬â¢s surface above the focus is called the epicentre. Earthquake energy is released in seismic waves. These waves spread out from the focus. The waves are felt most strongly at the epicentre, weakening as you get further away. Most of the severe damage caused by an earthquake happens at the epicentre. Effects of an earthquake. Earthquakes can destroy settlements and kill many people. Aftershocks can cause even more damage to an area. We can classify the impacts of an earthquake by taking the following into account: Short-term (immediate) impacts. Long-term impacts. Social impacts (impact on the people) Economic impact (impact on the areas wealth) Environmental impacts (the impact on the landscape) Social Economic Environmental Short-Term Deaths and injuries, homes destroyed, transport and communication links disrupted, water pipes burst ââ¬â water contaminated. Shops and business destroyed, looting, damage to transport. Built landscape destroyed, fires, landslides, tsunamis. Long-Term Disease spreading, people re-housed (sometimes in refugee camps) Have to rebuild everything, income lost, all money spent on repairs. Important landmarks lost. Effects are classified as primary and secondary impacts. Primary effects occur as a direct result of the ground shaking e. g. buildings collapsing, liquefaction etc. Secondary effects occur as a result of primary effects, e. g. fires due to ruptured gas mains. Factors effecting the impact. Distance from the epicentre. How severe the earthquake is. Areas level of development (MEDC or LEDC) ââ¬â MEDCs are more likely to have the resources and technology for prediction, monitoring, and response. Population density (rural or urban), the more densely populated, the more likely deaths will be. Communication ââ¬â access to rescue. Time of day ââ¬â at night people will be in bed, unprepared. Time of year ââ¬â climate influences survival rate and the rate disease spreads. In LEDCs Undeveloped communication systems. Population uneducated on precautions. Poor construction standards. Evacuation difficult due to lack of funds and resources. Cleaning and repair difficult due to lack of funds. Measuring earthquakes. The power of an earthquake is measured with a seismometer. A seismometer detects vibrations caused by an earthquake. It plots these vibrations with a seismograph. The strength or magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. The Richter scale is numbered 0-10. Earthquakes measuring 1-2 are very common and people donââ¬â¢t even feel them.
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