Uni :: essays research papers

The protagonist in this self titled autobiography Martin Luther King, Jr. is Martin Luther King Jr. himself. In this scene Mr. King was at a book signing in a Harlem department store. As he was autographing a copy of his book about the Montgomery mound ostracise titled Stride toward Freedom he was approached by the antagonist of this scene an obviously demented black woman later to be judged as lawfully insane, Mrs. Izola Ware Curry. On Saturday September 20, 1958 Mrs. Curry approached Mr. King and asked, Are you Martin Luther King? Mr. King replied Yes, and she commenced to stab him in the chest with a razor sharp garner opener.Martin Luther King, Jr. was rushed to Harlem Hospital by ambulance where he would lay for four hours while he was being prepped for the removal of the keen-edged knife. Days after surgery Dr. Maynard, the precedespring of the surgeons, informed Mr. King that the razor tip of the letter opener was touching his aorta requiring them to open his chest to remove it. With this comment to follow, If you had sneezed during all those hours of waiting your aorta would have been perforated and you would have drowned in your own blood. said Dr. Maynard.If this had actually been the one of Dr. Kings last days it would have meant that the world would have been deprived of a ten year, non-violent campaign that did in fact change society for the better. A little less than a year after his near fatal knife he and his family would embark upon a journey to India accompanied by Dr. D.L. Reddick. There he meet Ghandi himself giving him newfangled prospective on non-violent campaigns.On a Humid Saturday Afternoon on September 20, 1958, Dr. King sat in a Harlem Department store signing copies of his book on the Montgomery bus boycott entitled Stride Toward Freedom. Amidst all the smiles and support of the crowd derived an obviously deranged woman. She approached Dr. King and inquired,Are you Martin Luther King? As Dr. King Replied, Yes She stabbed him in the chest with a letter opener. Dr. King was rushed to the Harlem hospital by ambulance where he was immediately prepped and admitted to the surgery ward. After hours on the operating table the head surgeon Dr. Maynard, had the saturnine duty of telling the King family that the totality of effort shown by he an his team were only able to slow Dr.

Solutions to our Problems :: Economic Political Essays

Solutions to our Problems There atomic number 18 three level to the solutions to the problems that exist in the world today. They are the one-on-one Level, National Level, and Global Level. These solutions female genitalia help to eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor countries. The Individual level is were individuals do things to help eliminate problems that exist. The stack are just as responsible as the nation states are. Things that we can do are 1) Join a student group that creates awareness of these problems, 2) play down some of the waste that we create, 3) Sponsor a child in a poor country, 4) Change some laws and 5) Have a meatless day. If you join a group you can become more aware of the problems that exist and then spread this information to others. If we minimize our waste such as eat each the food that we make and not make extra food. This would leave food for people in poorer countries. You could sponsor a child which would give this child food, groomi ng and medical attention that he/she needs. There are many organizations that can help you to do this. Some laws that we could change would be allowing regular house turn out to have a lamb. This would save on gas because it can mow your lawn for you. It also can act as a fertilizer and is good for the environment. Having a meat less day would save on the consumption of meet, so there would be more meat for the poorer countries. These little things can be a great benefit to the world and help to solve the world problems. The national level is when a nation does something to help solve the worlds problems. This would be to solve the nations problems first. If we can solve our own problems then we could start to work and concentrate on the worlds problems. There are 38 million people in the United States that are below the poverty level. If these people werent below the poverty level it would be 38 million less that the world would have to worry about. The same goes for any country, if they could decrease their people below poverty then its less the world has to worry about. This would help to take care of the gap between poor and squiffy in the individual countries before the world gap

The Evolution of Federalism Essay -- History Historical Democracy Essa

The Evolution of FederalismAmerican federalism has changed drastically since its genesis. In 1776 the thirteen colonies adopted the Articles of partnership in order to coordinate their efforts in the war for indep repealence. The Articles of Confederation bound the articulates together in twain main aspects foreign and military affairs. The Articles of Confederation worked well while all the earths had a common cause. However, as currently as the war ended and interests began to change, it became obvious that the Articles were not enough. This brings on the creation of Federalism (Reinventing American Federalism).In May of 1787, in the city of Philadelphia, delegates from all thirteen states met in order to create a more perfect union. The result was the Constitution of the United States. Delegates debated over which form of government would best suit both the security, and the freedom that many sought in this new government. The delegates rejected both confederal and unitary m odels of government for a new form of government called federalism. Federalism differs from the former two in that, unlike the unitary form of government, which is ruled by a central government, federalism is not based on a hierarchy in which the state levels of government perform the duties and tasks handed down by the central governmental system. Also, unlike the confederal system which gave all power to the states, only some of the power would be granted to the states. The federal government would handle foreign affairs, trade, military, and the economy (Reinventing American Federalism). Throughout the first half century of federalism, many argued over the regions that the federal and the state systems should play. By the time of the civil war, slavery was at the top of the debate. Should slavery be a national or a state issue? The end of the civil war brought an answer to this debate with the addition of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments (Hyde). These amendments ended slavery , and reduced the power of the states over civil rights matters.The federal government started taking on a bigger role in the turn of the twentieth century. President Roosevelt expanded federal authority with his New Deal political platform. The New Deal program was funded by the federal government, but administered by the states. This brought on the grant-in-aid system, a system in which the federa... ...through the minds of every one of those delegates in Philadelphia. These questions are still being debated today. The role of the government is constantly changing. It has the great ability to adapt to the needs of the people. During the great depression, the federal government stepped in and gave aid to the needy. During the struggle for equality, the federal government gave rights to minorities when states would not.Federalism is peradventure the greatest form of government by the people and for the people because of its evolution. Because people and society change, so must th e form of government that presides over them. Federalism allows the flexibility to do so. Works CitedHyde, Henry. The Constitution of the United States of America. Washington United States Government Printing Office, 2000.Reinventing American Federalism. Issues of Democracy Electronic Journals of the U.S. Information Agency. April, 1997 Volume 2, Issue 2.Sidlow, Edward, and Beth Henshcen eds. America at Odds 4th ed.California Wadsworth, Thomas Learning, 2004.Simon, Dennis. The Civil Rights Movement, March 26, 2005. http//faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-Civ%20Rts.html

Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papers

Federalist 10Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the marge without leaving someones essential point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have roll in the hay and utter freedom, maculation others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who take for on genuine topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men hold varied opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they result continue to fraternize with people who are most similar to them. In Federalist 10, James Madison summed up factions eloquently stating that Liberty is faction, what publicise is to fire, an ailment without which it straightaway expires. The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public o ffice will be held by certified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. military force is distributed in a checks and balance format, making it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madisons views on faction are still relevant and exercised oftentimes even afterward 200 years have passed. James Madisons most amazing political prediction, contained within the pages of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi... Federalist 10 Essay -- essays papersFederalist 10Liberty. This word means many things to many people. There is no way to distinctly define the term without leaving someones crucial point of view out of the equation. One person might say that anarchy would be the only way to have complete and utter freedom, while others would go as far as to believe a controlled communist government is the best route to achieving liberation. Factions (a group of people who agree on certain topics) are inevitable, due to the nature of man. As long as men hold different opinions, have different amounts of wealth, and own different amount of property, they will continue to fraternize with people who are most similar to them. In Federalist 10, James Madison summed up factions eloquently stating that Liberty is faction, what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires. The government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, making it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madisons views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madisons most amazing political prediction, contained within the page s of Federalist 10, was that the United States being so large and having such a wi...

Esquivils Like Water For Cholocate versus Mernissis Dreams of Trespass :: essays research papers

In two Fatima Mernissis novel, Dreams of Trespass, and Laura Esquivils Like Water for Chocolate, women be suppressed my invisible rules and boundries that argon given to them by tradition and society. The female characters in both of these novels are given hardly any freedom and are expected to follow these unrehearsed laws or they will bring shame upon their families. However, in both of the novels we cover that the lead female characters are able to gain power and break the frontiers that oppress them, by victimisation the unwritten laws to their advantage. Ironically, they overcome their oppression by using that that oppresses them to their advantage.In Like Water for Chocolate, the protagonist, Tita, is oppressed by Mexican tradition. In Mexico, the youngest female child of a family is not allowed to marry because her chief role in purport should be to take care of her mother when she is too old to do so herself. Since Tita is the youngest daughter of her family, she is n ot allowed to marry the man she loves, Pedro, and is forced to spend her flavor prep and caring for her mother while Pedro marries her sister. But as the novel goes on, provision friends her break free from the restraint of her mother and tradition. Cooking is considered to be superstar for the things that she is oppressed by because she is forced to devote her life to it, but in actuality cooking helps her gain freedom and express emotion. She alters the traditional dinner recopies and is able to occasion food that is filled with so much passion that it allows her to communicate her love to Pedro. each time Pedro tastes or smells one of her dishes he becomes overwhelmed with warmth and love. An example of this adventure is when Tita prepares stuffed quail shortly after the death of Nacha, the familys cook. He (Pedro) couldnt help closing his eyes in voluptuous delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (Like Water for Chocolate, page 51). Another time when Titas cooki ng strengthens her constipate with Pedro is when she is cooking right after Pedros son is born. Pedro, hearing her from the vivification room, experienced a sensation that was new to him. The sound of the pans bumping against each other, the smell of the almonds brown in the griddle, the sound of Titas melodious voice, singing as she cooked, had kindle his sexual feelings.Esquivils Like Water For Cholocate versus Mernissis Dreams of Trespass essays research papersIn both Fatima Mernissis novel, Dreams of Trespass, and Laura Esquivils Like Water for Chocolate, women are oppressed my invisible rules and boundries that are given to them by tradition and society. The female characters in both of these novels are given hardly any freedom and are expected to follow these unwritten laws or they will bring shame upon their families. However, in both of the novels we see that the lead female characters are able to gain power and break the frontiers that oppress them, by using the unwr itten laws to their advantage. Ironically, they overcome their oppression by using that that oppresses them to their advantage.In Like Water for Chocolate, the protagonist, Tita, is oppressed by Mexican tradition. In Mexico, the youngest daughter of a family is not allowed to marry because her chief role in life should be to take care of her mother when she is too old to do so herself. Since Tita is the youngest daughter of her family, she is not allowed to marry the man she loves, Pedro, and is forced to spend her life cooking and caring for her mother while Pedro marries her sister. But as the novel goes on, cooking helps her break free from the restraint of her mother and tradition. Cooking is considered to be one for the things that she is oppressed by because she is forced to devote her life to it, but in actuality cooking helps her gain freedom and express emotion. She alters the traditional dinner recopies and is able to create food that is filled with so much passion that it allows her to communicate her love to Pedro. Every time Pedro tastes or smells one of her dishes he becomes overwhelmed with warmth and love. An example of this happening is when Tita prepares stuffed quail shortly after the death of Nacha, the familys cook. He (Pedro) couldnt help closing his eyes in voluptuous delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (Like Water for Chocolate, page 51). Another time when Titas cooking strengthens her bond with Pedro is when she is cooking right after Pedros son is born. Pedro, hearing her from the living room, experienced a sensation that was new to him. The sound of the pans bumping against each other, the smell of the almonds browning in the griddle, the sound of Titas melodious voice, singing as she cooked, had kindled his sexual feelings.

Esquivils Like Water For Cholocate versus Mernissis Dreams of Trespass :: essays research papers

In both Fatima Mernissis novel, Dreams of Trespass, and Laura Esquivils same weewee for Chocolate, women are oppressed my invisible rules and boundries that are given to them by tradition and society. The female characters in both of these novels are given merely any loosedom and are expected to follow these unwritten laws or they ordain bring shame upon their families. However, in both of the novels we see that the lead female characters are able to gain power and break the frontiers that oppress them, by use the unwritten laws to their advantage. Ironically, they overcome their oppression by using that that oppresses them to their advantage.In Like Water for Chocolate, the protagonist, Tita, is oppressed by Mexican tradition. In Mexico, the youngest daughter of a family is non allowed to marry because her chief role in life should be to book care of her mother when she is too old to do so herself. Since Tita is the youngest daughter of her family, she is non allowed to ma rry the man she loves, Pedro, and is forced to spend her life cooking and condole with for her mother while Pedro marries her sister. But as the novel goes on, cooking helps her break free from the restraint of her mother and tradition. Cooking is considered to be one for the things that she is oppressed by because she is forced to devote her life to it, but in actuality cooking helps her gain granting immunity and express emotion. She alters the traditional dinner recopies and is able to create food that is make full with so much passion that it allows her to communicate her love to Pedro. Every time Pedro tastes or smells one of her dishes he becomes overwhelmed with warmth and love. An example of this happening is when Tita prepares stuffed quail unawares after the death of Nacha, the familys cook. He (Pedro) couldnt help closing his eye in voluptuous delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (Like Water for Chocolate, page 51). Another time when Titas cooking strength ens her bond with Pedro is when she is cooking castigate after Pedros son is born. Pedro, hearing her from the living room, experienced a sensation that was new to him. The snuff it of the pans bumping against each other, the smell of the almonds browning in the griddle, the sound of Titas melodious voice, singing as she cooked, had kindled his sexual feelings.Esquivils Like Water For Cholocate versus Mernissis Dreams of Trespass essays research papersIn both Fatima Mernissis novel, Dreams of Trespass, and Laura Esquivils Like Water for Chocolate, women are oppressed my invisible rules and boundries that are given to them by tradition and society. The female characters in both of these novels are given hardly any freedom and are expected to follow these unwritten laws or they will bring shame upon their families. However, in both of the novels we see that the lead female characters are able to gain power and break the frontiers that oppress them, by using the unwritten laws to their advantage. Ironically, they overcome their oppression by using that that oppresses them to their advantage.In Like Water for Chocolate, the protagonist, Tita, is oppressed by Mexican tradition. In Mexico, the youngest daughter of a family is not allowed to marry because her chief role in life should be to take care of her mother when she is too old to do so herself. Since Tita is the youngest daughter of her family, she is not allowed to marry the man she loves, Pedro, and is forced to spend her life cooking and caring for her mother while Pedro marries her sister. But as the novel goes on, cooking helps her break free from the restraint of her mother and tradition. Cooking is considered to be one for the things that she is oppressed by because she is forced to devote her life to it, but in actuality cooking helps her gain freedom and express emotion. She alters the traditional dinner recopies and is able to create food that is filled with so much passion that it allows her to communicate her love to Pedro. Every time Pedro tastes or smells one of her dishes he becomes overwhelmed with warmth and love. An example of this happening is when Tita prepares stuffed quail shortly after the death of Nacha, the familys cook. He (Pedro) couldnt help closing his eyes in voluptuous delight and exclaiming It is a dish for the gods (Like Water for Chocolate, page 51). Another time when Titas cooking strengthens her bond with Pedro is when she is cooking right after Pedros son is born. Pedro, hearing her from the living room, experienced a sensation that was new to him. The sound of the pans bumping against each other, the smell of the almonds browning in the griddle, the sound of Titas melodious voice, singing as she cooked, had kindled his sexual feelings.

Changing Role of Women

Since the end of world war two, in 1945, Australian hostelry has witnessed many dramatic changes in the rights and freedoms of wo workforce. Women, who had been encouraged to take on mens jobs during the war were expected to vacate these positions and return to their traditional vocation in home making. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s women were expected to either stay at home or work in underpaid womens jobs. Womens wages were significantly less in comparison to the wages awarded to men who performed the same task.The Commonwealth Arbitration Court ruled in 1949, that a womens basic wage should be set at 75% of the anthropoid rate. This was the practice throughout the 1950s when there was a large growth in the textiles, clothing, footwear and food processing industries depending on the cheap labor that women provided. The entrance that a womans place was in the home was reflected in and shaped by the Australian education system. The emphasis of the limited schooling visibl e(prenominal) to girls was in the home sciences . i. e. cooking and sewing.The lack of educational opportunities for women only reinforced sex role stereotyping and gave women little chance to achieve their potential. The introduction of the oral contraceptive pill in 1961 gave women the chance to achieve their potential. It gave them the freedom to choose when and if to bear a child. It provided women with the opportunity to concentrate on furthering their working careers, where available, thus leaving the interior(prenominal) housewife image behind. It provided women with power over their bodies for the first time they were in control of their sexual relationships.Thus, by the end of the 1960s, women were actively seeking greater rights and freedoms in society and in the workplace. Demonstrations and protests were a feature of this movement, known as the womans liberationist movement (today referred to as feminism). The fe priapic liberationists aimed to overturn the notions of female inferiority and male dominance in Australian society. Their dream was to free women from the restraints society placed upon them to challenge the spatial relation quo. Zelda DAprano was one Australian woman who formed the cleaning womans Action Committee in 1969.She chained herself to the doors of the Commonwealth Building in Melbourne demanding equal cover for both sexes. Germaine Greer was also an outspoken liberationist whose book The feminine Eunuch, 1970 , challenged the thinking of conservative male henpecked society. There was a diverse range of womens liberationist groups formed to campaign for specific issues revolving around terzetto main areas equal pay, discrimination in the workplace and equality of opportunity in the workplace and society.Specific issues included Child Care suitable pay for women Family Planning Divorce Discrimination in the workforce and from lending institutions The causes, clear arguments and outspoken activism of these groups attracted much media attention and faced resistance from traditional and conservative sections of society. For model church leaders were outraged when womens liberationists called for legalized abortion. Equality in the workplace has been and still is an important issue.In theory, the federal Equal Pay Case of 1969, dictated that women receive the same wage as men for the same work but this principal would not apply where the work was essentially or normally performed by women. By 1972, the Liberal government continued the debate, suggesting in Cabinet that wage rates should take into consideration training, skills and other attributes required for the satisfactory exertion of the work. See Source A, which is a copy of a Cabinet document, dated 24 October 1972, demonstrating this stance of the Liberal government in relation to calls for Equal Pay.By December 1972, the Labor Government had come to power and it promised to implement the Equal Pay for Equal Value principle in female dominate d industries though such a principal has proven difficult to implement. Equal opportunity has been and still is another important issue. In 1972, the Womens Electoral third house (WEL) was founded. WEL sought out politicians views on womans issues. It has had a major role in lobbying and influencing governments to pass laws friendly to woman in areas such as womans health and child care.See Source B, a photograph of a demonstration in Sydney in 1979, in which WEL activists are advocating for Medicare patronage for abortions. By the beginning of the 1980s, the fruits of the labor of the womens movement could be seen in many of Australias legal reformsThe family law act 1975 had established the principle of No Fault Divorce removing the social stigma associated with woman and divorce.The anti discrimination act 1977(NSW) which made it illegal to discriminate on terms of gender, marital status or pregnancy Sex Discrimination Act 1984 a commonwealth act banning discrimination against w oman.The Affirmative action act 1986 that was later replaced in 1999 by the equal opportunity for woman in the workplace act. By the end of the 1990s most woman believed that their struggles for equal rights and freedoms with men in society had been won, but that is not necessarily the case. While womens rights may have been enshrined in law, it is womens freedoms in society that have yet to be amply realized.

Pc&D Inc Essay

When in February 1976 Martell received the letter from McElroy, he was non surprised a lot. All the problems that had occurred over time, and punctually postponed, instantly appeared. When Martell was elected as the unseasoned president of PC&D, he brought his entrepreneurial spirit that quickly spread across the organization. This had a positive effect on the caller-out, especially in terms of profit satisfactory growth. In fact it led to the creation of 11 entrepreuneral subsidiary, of these 4 had successfully been merged into the company.This allowed to Electric Division, to double its sales, during 1971-75 diaphragm going from 193. 6 million to 561. 4 million(of these 179. 2 arising from the rude(a) subsidiary),and also the sales of the Machinery Division have been overcome, 440. 6 million in 1975 (Exhibit7) . However, this result had not come without cost. First about 60 million by the end of 1975, of these a small part was achieved through the retained earnings, but much was cutting money raised in the form of long-term debt.Further, stock issued to capitalize subsidiaries and to pay incentivees to entrepreneurs had a diluting effect on of PC & Ds shares, cod to exchange one-to-one. The situation could worsen if other companies were merged into the company, because the number of shares issued would be significant if you think that the avg. Stock price in 1975 is $ 238. During last years, the company has record an impressive growth, as well as in sales than in size. Byside some problems that can affect the future growing of the company arise. The company, as a result of various mergers, has lost flexibility.Martells focus on finding wild ducks turned against him. People requested by the president has by nature, an return and cons. In fact they can be capital challenges s lovers and be entrepreneurs of small growing companies, but they are not suitable for large divisions and exactly want to share their ideas. In addition, this caused additional costs. Each Subsidiary has its own functions, it has led to a situation where there is no cooperation and sense of belonging to the company. The companys growth is not a shared objective, but it is focused only on certain activities.It would be appropriate to create synergies among subsidiaries centralizing structural scopes such as mktg and manifactuing, in order to cut costs and profit the focus on more profitable subsidiary already merged in the Electric Division. The turnover in this way it would be alleviate. It is also necessary to act on employees morale. Thus, following unified strategy, which aim is to increase the readiness on cardinal divisions and to lay strong foundations for the future growth, also the pay system should be reviewed.The Machionery Division had a compensation schemes based on 90% salary and 10% bonus on ROI while the other division was based received 2/3 of the salary as a bonus based on growth in revenues. A new compensation schemes which its aim i s to increase the workers responsibility,( in part based on a fixed dowry given by salary plus bonus both general, as an increase in ROI, or specific, such an increase in sales or in the subsidiarys ROI), could help the future growth of the company.By creating a common goal, it pass on be manageable to create a collaboration atmosphere among the labor force. Furthermore thanks to a fairly incentive, based on achieving easily goals, as bonus in sales, it will be possible to increase employees morale. In particular, with regard to R&D function, it could be merged into one common area for the two divisions. Whit the union of this area, and leveraging on new incentives to lock talents, the company would distribute the degree of innovation and research within the two divisions.Into this new area could be set up several running(a) team, headed by the most talented, in which they will be assigned different goals such as how to adjudicate growth opportunities, or, look for new innovati ons for the two divisions and so on, but also a task on the control of production, in order to ensure the highest quality. In fact, the Machinery division see more and more seller move elsewhere due to the products perceived low quality.With the introduction of a new common functional area, it will be possible to give a positive impact on the overall costs and also, thanks to small working team, to preserve the wild duck spirit. In the recent years, Martell has given a greater focus on growth and the importance of innovating. But, it has created a contradiction on the implementation of the strategy. Concentrating all on the research and development of new ideas, the core business was left out.These, risk being out of the market, due to the high percentage of defective products, that be gradually abandoned by their sellers. Martell will have to follow a single strategy for both divisions, implementing new functional areas and creating an erratic remuneration and incentive plan, base d on goals that can be achieved by team, made up of the talents that the company has attracted to itself during the time, it will be possible to create cooperation aimed to escort the companys growth, as whole.But before, it will be necessary invest in the Machinery Division as required by its VP, 100-125 mil in 2-3 years. In this way, the original division will be able to confirm its dominant market position in the long term. It is important to remember that great part of companys revenues were recorded just from this division. Martell should also review the Grennans position. Since he was put in head of the Electric Division, costs related to to mktg, G&A and other engineering expenses are out of line.Products with estimated time of obsolescence of 4 years show a BEP of 6 years. In addiction new products show losses due to customer returns. Although Grennan has prepared a new plan of action, some decision should be taken regardless. The new opportunities offered by subsidiarie w ill be put into the background. Before its necessary to redefine the company so that it is stabilized on solid basis and it will be able in the future to support further growth plans, also incorporating other subsidiarie.

History of Worldcup

INTRODUCTION The FIFA dry land cup, often simply the gentleman Cup, is an inter subject field association footb all contestation oppose by the senior mens national police squads of the members of Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sports global governing body. The championship has been awarded all(prenominal) four historic period since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second realism War. The current champions are Spain, who inveigle the 2010 tournament.The current format of the tournament involves 32 teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about a month this phase is often called the cosmos Cup Finals. A capacity phase, which shortly takes spatial relation over the preceding iii years, is used to determine which teams qualify for the tournament together with the host nation(s). The 19 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams. brazil have won five times, and they are the and team to have shimmered in every tournament.The other World Cup superiors are Italy, with four titles Germany, with three titles Argentina and inaugural winners Uruguay, with two titles for each one and England, France, and Spain, with one title each. The World Cup is the worlds nigh widely viewed sporting event an estimated 715. 1 million people watched the concluding match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany. The abutting three World Cups entrust be hosted by Brazil in 2014, Russia in 2018, and Qatar in 2022. HISTORY DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD CUP The worlds root international football game match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 mingled with Scotland and England, which ended in a 00 draw. The start-off of all international tournament, the inaugural chance variable of the British Home Championship, took place in 1884. As football grew in popularity in other parts of the world at the turn of the 20th century, it was held as a demonstration sport with no medals awarded at the 1900 and 1904 spend surpassings (however, the IOC has retroactively upgraded their status to official events), and at the 1906 Intercalated Games.After FIFA was founded in 1904, it tried to arrange an international football tournament between nations orthogonal the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906. These were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure. At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, football became an official competition. Planned by The Football Association (FA), Englands football governing body, the event was for amateur players entirely and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition.Great Britain (represented by the England national amateur football team) won the gold medals. They repeated the feat in 1912 in Stockholm. With the Olympic event continuing to be contest ed only between amateur teams, Sir Thomas Lipton organised the Sir Thomas Lipton pillage tournament in Turin in 1909. The Lipton tournament was a championship between individual clubs (not national teams) from different nations, each one of which represented an entire nation.The competition is sometimes describe as The First World Cup, and featured the most prestigious passkey club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, but the FA of England refused to be associated with the competition and declined the offer to send a professional team. In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a world football championship for amateurs, and took responsibility for managing the event. This paved the way for the worlds first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt and thirteen European teams, and won by Belgium. 8 Uruguay won the next two Olympic football tournaments in 1924 and 1928. Those were as well the first two open world championships, as 1924 was the start of FIFAs professional BEGINNING OF WORLD CUP Due to the success of the Olympic football tournaments, FIFA, with President Jules Rimet the driving force, again started looking at staging its own international tournament outside of the Olympics. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam decided to stage a world championship itself. 9 With Uruguay flop away two-time official football world champions and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country of the inaugural World Cup tournament. The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition. Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the trip.In total thirteen nations took part seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America. The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously on 13 July 1930, and were won by France and USA, who defeated Mexico 41 and Belgium 30 respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France. In the last(a), Uruguay defeated Argentina 42 in front of a advertize of 93,000 people in Montevideo, and in doing so became the first nation to win the World Cup. 11 World Cups before SECOND WORLD WARAfter the creation of the World Cup, the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, did not plan to include football as part of the schedule due to the low popularity of the sport in the United States, as American football had been growing in popularity. FIFA and the IOC also disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the Games. Olympic football returned at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but was now overshadowed by the more p restigious World Cup. The issues facing the early World Cup tournaments were the difficulties of intercontinental travel, and war.Few South American teams were willing to travel to Europe for the 1934 and 1938 tournaments, with Brazil the only South American team to compete in both. The 1942 and 1946 competitions, which Nazi Germany and Brazil sought to host, were cancelled due to World War II and its aft(prenominal)math. World Cups subsequently SECOND WORLD WAR The 1950 World Cup, held in Brazil, was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against foreign influence on football, but rejoined in 1946 following FIFAs invitation.The tournament also motto the return of 1930 champions Uruguay, who had boycotted the previous two World Cups. Uruguay won the tournament again after defeating the host nation Brazil, in the match called Ma racanazo (Portuguese Maracanaco). In the tournaments between 1934 and 1978, 16 teams competed in each tournament, except in 1938, when Austria was absorbed into Germany after qualifying, leaving the tournament with 15 teams, and in 1950, when India, Scotland and Turkey withdrew, leaving the tournament with 13 teams. 16 almost of the participating nations were from Europe and South America, with a small minority from North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. These teams were usually defeated easily by the European and South American teams. Until 1982, the only teams from outside Europe and South America to advance out of the first round were USA, semi-finalists in 1930 Cuba, quarter-finalists in 1938 Korea DPR, quarter-finalists in 1966 and Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1970. The tournament was expanded to 24 teams in 1982,17 and then to 32 in 1998,18 also allowing more teams from Africa, Asia and North America to take part.Since then, teams from these regions have enjoyed more succes s, with several having reached the quarter-finals Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1986 Cameroon, quarter-finalists in 1990 Korea Republic, application in fourth place in 2002 Senegal, along with USA, both quarter-finalists in 2002 and Ghana as quarter-finalists in 2010. Nevertheless, European and South American teams continue to dominate, e. g. , the quarter-finalists in 1994, 1998 and 2006 were all from Europe or South America.Two hundred teams entered the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds 198 nations attempted to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, while a record 204 countries entered qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. 19 THE AWARDS AND TROPHY From 1930 to 1970, the Jules Rimet Trophy was awarded to the World Cup winner. It was originally simply known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde, but in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the first tournament. In 1970, Brazils third victory in the tournament entitled them to keep the trophy perma nently.However, the trophy was stolen in 1983, and has neer been recovered, apparently melted down by the thieves. 23 After 1970, a new trophy, known as the FIFA World Cup Trophy, was designed. The experts of FIFA, coming from seven different countries, evaluated the 53 presented models, finally opting for the work of the Italian designer Silvio Gazzaniga. The new trophy is 36 cm (14. 2 in) high, made of solid 18 carat (75%) gold and weighs 6. clxxv kg (13. 6 lb). The base contains two layers of semi-precious malachite while the bottom side of the trophy bears the engraved year and name of each FIFA World Cup winner since 1974.The description of the trophy by Gazzaniga was The lines spring out from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the cutting rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring moment of victory. 24 This new trophy is not awarded to the winning nation permanently. World Cup wi nners retain the trophy until the next tournament and are awarded a gold-plated replica rather than the solid gold original. 25 At the present, all members (players, coaches, and managers) of the top three eams receive medals with an insignia of the World Cup Trophy winners (gold), runner-ups (silver), and third-place (bronze). In the 2002 edition, fourth-place medals were awarded to hosts South Korea. Prior to the 1978 tournament, medals were only awarded to the eleven players on the pitch at the end of the final and the third-place match. In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners medals. 262728 Format AND STRUCTURE Since the second World Cup in 1934, qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament. 29 They are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, and Europe), oversee n by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides the number of places awarded to each of the continental zones beforehand, generally based on the relative strength of the confederations teams. The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period. The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations.Usually, one or two places are awarded to winners of intercontinental play-offs. For example, the winner of the Oceanian zone and the fifth-placed team from the Asian zone entered a play-off for a spot in the 2010 World Cup. 30 From the 1938 World Cup onwards, host nations received automatic qualification to the final tournament. This right was also granted to the defending champions between 1938 and 2002, but was withdrawn from the 2006 FIFA World Cup onward, requiring the champions to qualify. Brazil, winners in 2002, were the first defending champions to play qualifyin g matches. 31The current final tournament features 32 national teams competing over a month in the host nation(s). There are two stages the group stage followed by the peach tree stage. 32 In the group stage, teams compete within eight groups of four teams each. Eight teams are seeded, including the hosts, with the other seeded teams selected using a formula based on the FIFA World Rankings and/or performances in recent World Cups, and drawn to separate groups. 33 The other teams are assigned to different pots, usually based on geographic criteria, and teams in each pot are drawn at random to the eight groups.Since 1998, constraints have been applied to the draw to ensure that no group contains more than two European teams or more than one team from any other confederation. 34 Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is plan for three matches against other teams in the same group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserv e fairness among all four teams. 35 The top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group.Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points). THE HOSTS OF WORLD CUP Early World Cups were given to countries at meetings of FIFAs congress. The locations were arguable because South America and Europe were by far the two centres of strength in football and travel between them required three weeks by boat. The determination to hold the first World Cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing. 37 The next two World Cups were both held in Europe.The stopping point to hold the second of these in France was disputed, as the South American countries understood that the location would alternate between the two continents. Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the 1938 FIFA World Cup. 38 Since the 1958 FIFA World Cup, to avoid future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the only tournament with multiple hosts. 39 South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since 1978,40 and will be the first occasion where consecutive World Cups are held outside Europe. The host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFAs Executive Committee. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The national football association of a country desiring to host the event receives a Hosting Agreement from FIFA, which explains the steps and requirements that are expected from a strong bid.The bidding association also receives a form, the submission of which represents the official confirmation of the candidacy. After this, a FIFA designated group of inspectors visit the country to identify that the country meets the requirements needed to host the event and a report on the country is produced. The decision on who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar respectively.For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament. The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germanys victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confeder ations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018. 41 This is partly to avoid a alike(p) scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder. Other nations have also been successful when hosting the tournament. Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), Korea Republic (fourth place in 2002), and Mexico (quarter-finals in 1970 and 1986) all have their best forces when serving as hosts. So far, South Africa (2010) was the only host nation to fail to advance beyond the first round. Organisation and media coverageThe World Cup was first televised in 1954 and is now the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games. The cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 World Cup is estimated to be 26. 29 billion. 1 715. 1 million individuals watched the final match of this tournament (a ninth of the entire state of the planet). The 2006 World Cup draw, which decided the distribution of teams into groups, was watched by 300 million viewers. 42 Each FIFA World Cup since 1966 has its own mascot or logo.World Cup Willie, the mascot for the 1966 competition, was the first World Cup mascot. 43 Recent World Cups have also featured official match balls specially designed for each World Cup. CONCLUSION To date, the final of the World Cup has only been contested by European and South American teams. European nations have won ten titles South American teams have won nine. Only two teams from outside these two continents have ever reached the semi-finals of the competition USA (North, Central America and Caribbean) in 1930 and Korea Republic (Asia) who reached the semis in 2002.The best result of an African team is reaching the quarter-finals Cameroon in 1990, Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Only one Oceanian qualifier, Australia in 2006, has advanced to the second round. 51 Brazil, Argentina, and Spain are the on ly teams to win a World Cup outside their continental confederation Brazil came out victorious in Europe (1958), North America (1970 and 1994) and Asia (2002), Argentina won a North American World Cup in 1986, while Spain won the only African World Cup in 2010.Only on three occasions have consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively, while Spains 2010 triumph followed Italys in 2006. Among the national teams, Germany have played the most World Cup matches, with 99,66 while Brazil have scored the most World Cup goals, with 210. 67 The two teams have played each other only once in the World Cup, in the 2002 final. RERENCESS

Course outline of managing organisation course

Law Theatre (604) Wednesday 16ooh- 1800 Thursday gooh- alooh Friday 1400 1600 You ar also required to attend ONE (1) one hour tutorial per week. There ar a number of tutorial options for students. Please see the NUNS memorandum system for details of tutorial times. Tutorials start in Week 2 (to Week 13). A full list of tutorials, times and tutors will be on the Course Website. 2. 2 Units of Credit The course is worth 6 units of credit. There is no parallel precept in this course. 2. 3 Summary of Course Managing Organizations and slew is a foundational core course offered in the main bachelor degree programs.This course introduces students to the knowledge and skills required to successfully manage organizations and people in a global economy, based on contemporary research and dress. The course is intentional to provide strong foundations for the development of future organizational leaders and managers who will be able-bodied to successfully respond to complex and turbulent environments, promote and sustain competitive advantage, ensure ethical and social responsibility in business practice and decision making, and manage changing social, increasingly global and diverse workplace.Topics include the role of organizations in odder societies, sustain king and corporate social responsibility, the importance of organizational leadership, power and networks, sources of conflict, problem solving, group motivation and behavior, as well as professional skills. 2. 4 Course Aims and Relationship to Other Courses The aim of MOTION is to provide you with an introduction to principles, practices, issues and debates that are relevant to the management of organizations.You will study concepts and theories that help explain the attitudes and behaviors of employees and managers. As a core course in the Bachelor of Commerce degree, the activities, materials and assessments have been designed to provide students with the opportunity to develop skills relevant to their s tudies and employment. 2. 5 Student reading Outcomes 2. 1 Student Learning Outcomes By the end of this course, you should be able to surfeit outcomes 1 . Explain the central role of organizations in society 2. Evaluate the value and importance of the human side of organizations 3. Scribe the interconnections amid individual(s), team(s) and organization(s) 4. Understand the words of organizations and management Skills outcomes 5. Acquire foundational academic research skills 6. Monster familiarity with the process of critical analysis 7. Enhance your effectiveness in working in groups and teams 8. Learn separately and assume responsibility for the learning process ASP Undergraduate Program Learning Goals and Outcomes 1 . Knowledge Our graduates will have in-depth disciplinary knowledge relevant in local and global contexts.You should be able to select and apply disciplinary knowledge to business situations in a local and global environment. 2. tiny idea and problem solving Our graduates will be critical thinkers and effective problem solvers. You should be able to identify and research issues in equines situations, analyses the issues, and propose arrogate and well-justified solutions. 3. Communication Our graduates will be effective professional communicators. You should be able to and presentation for the intended audience, purpose and context, and b.Prepare and deliver oral presentations that are clear, focused, well-structured, and delivered in a professional manner. 4. Teamwork Our graduates will be effective team participants. You should be able to participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams, and reflect on your own teamwork, and on the teams processes and ability to achieve outcomes. . Ethical, social and environmental responsibility Our graduates will have a sound awareness of the ethical, social, cultural and environmental implications of business practice.You should be able to a. spot and assess ethical, environmental and/or sustaina bility considerations in business decision-making and practice, and b. Identify social and cultural implications of business situations. The succeeding(a) table shows how your Course Learning Outcomes relate to the overall Program Learning Goals and Outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed (they may also be developed in tutorials and other activities) Program Learning Goals and Outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed.Program Learning Goals and Outcomes Course Learning Outcomes Course Assessment Item This course helps you to achieve the following learning goals for all ASP undergraduate students On successful completion of the course, you should be able to This learning outcome will be assessed in the following items 1 Knowledge Tutorial activities Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Critical thinking and problem solving 5. Demonstrate familiarity with the process of critical analysis Tutorial activities Exam Written communication 6. Enhance your effectiveness in working in groups and teams 7. Earn on an individual basis and assume responsibility for the learning process team activity Spot quiz b Oral communication 8. Learn independently and assume responsibility for the learning process Tutorial intricacy mark 4 Teamwork 7. Enhance your effectiveness in working in groups and teams Tutorial club mark Ethical, environmental and sustainability responsibility 2. Evaluate the value and importance of the human side of organizations Spot quiz b. Social and cultural awareness 3. Describe the interconnections between individual(s), team(s) and organization(s) 4. 1 Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course MOTION has been designed to provide you with a complete learning experience that incorporates interactive teaching and learning and provides a strong foundation for successful studies in your Bachelors degree. We encourage student contributions, through discussion and questioning that draw upon your reading and life experiences. 3. 2 Learning Activit ies and Teaching Strategies Role of Lectures The have wordss provide a forum to introduce students to the main issues, theories and conceptual frameworks for each topic.Lecture notes for each seeks topic will be functional on the course website on the preceding Sunday. For example, the Week 4 lecture handout will be available to you on the Sunday before the lecture week. There will be specific culture provided in the lectures to assist you in the spot quizzes Role of the Tutorial The tutorials use a variety of experiential learning activities which encourage active engagement in the tutorials. The weekly tutorials provide you with an interactive environment to enhance your formal and informal learning in the course.The much conscientiously you participate, the more you will enjoy and learn from the tutorials. The tutorials also provide you with opportunities to improve important interpersonal skills by working with other students in groups and teams, edifice relationships an d networks, and being exposed to the opinions and values of others. Role of Everest Simulation The Everest Simulation provides students with a hands-on experience of concepts taught in this course.Abele S, & Starters G, 2008, Coordination Success and Interpersonal Perceptions Matching Versus Mismatching, Journal of nature and Social Psychology, Issue Volume 95(3), September, p 576-592 Brother D A, 2012, Self-Monitoring Tools and Student Academic Success When Perception Matches Reality, Journal of College Science Teaching. 5 Mammon 26-32. AND 2. You must run a risk at least TWO (2) and a maximum of FOUR (4) academic articles in the allowing library databases ABA Inform Business Source Web of Science that are relevant to support your analysis. Note websites and books are not valid sources for this assignment.Marking criteria Development of a consistent, clear and well-supported answer to the question Overall quality of analysis, depth of thoughtfulness/ thinking in terms of the ke y themes and issues raised in the question Quality of academic research (sourced from appropriate Journals/ databases, appropriate number of sources, relevance of sources to your argument) divert structure (logical sequence transitions teens parts well-developed paragraphs) Clarity of expression & grammar Correct format of in-text citations and bibliography victimisation Harvard entitle .DUDE Harvard Guide) Appropriate document formatting as per requirements on constituent 4. 6 of the Course Outline and length (1,000 words +1- 10%) 4. 3. 2 Assignment 2 Requirements Report 30% of final mark Due designation At WEEK 11 in the tutorial. You must also upload an identical copy via Turn-it-in on or before your due date or your assignment will not be marked. Submission procedure See section 4. 4 Assignment Submission Procedure in this ours outline free weight 30% of your total course mark Length 2,500 words +1- 10% The word count must be disclosed on the sulksheet of your report.Rep ort Focus critically analyses your individual and teams experiences in a virtual world and as a physical team by using the results in the Everest simulation using the following three course concepts 1) Communication (including distribution effect) 2) groups and teams and 3) leadership The report must address the following areas Included in word limit Assignment cover sheet No Title page Executive summary Table of contents Introduction Yes (approve 250 words) Body Critically analyses your individual and teams experiences and results in the two Everest simulations using the following three course concepts 1 .Communication including distribution effect 2. Groups and teams including virtual teams 3. Leadership Yes (approve 2100 words) Conclusion (Briefly summarizing what you have learnt from the experience) Yes (approve 1 50 words) List of references / bibliography Compulsory appendices all in all students who were participants (not observers) in Everest must attach a copy of the Goal s on Track page from the simulation All students (participants & observers) must attach a copy of team contract NoReference requirements You must use a minimum of six (6) academic references to support your analysis Marking criteria and issues raised in the Everest experience Quality of academic research (appropriate number of academic sources, relevance of sources to your argument) Appropriate structure (logical sequence transitions between parts well-developed paragraphs) Clarity of expression & grammar Correct in-text citations and bibliography format using Harvard style . DUDE Harvard Guide) Correct document formatting as per requirements in section 4. 6 of the Course Outline, length (2,500 words +1- 10%), and inclusion of compulsory appendices.More information about the Everest Simulation can be found in the Student Workbook, and guidance will be provided to students during the semester via the course website. 4. 3. 3 Individual Participation 20% of final mark Tutorial Attenda nce and Participation (5%) Preparation for, and active participation in, your lectures and seminars is a vital component of the learning in this subject and as such students who prepare and participate in the classroom will be rewarded. Participation may involve small group discussion, short informal presentations to the class, answering questions, participation in class discussion.Participation marks are based on the degree to which students make an informed contribution to class and small group discussion. only if attending tutorials without getting involved in class discussion is of little value to you or your classmates and will result in a minimal participation mark. To be eligible for the Tutorial Attendance and Participation mark students must attend a minimum of nine(9) tutorials. Students must ensure their attendance is taken. If students have a valid reason to be absent, documentary evidence (e. G. Medicate certificate) must be presented to the tutor in the next tutorial. Grading

His Girl Friday: An Analysis Essay

The 1940 film His Girl Friday is often described as one of the best screwball comedies ever made. Howard Hawks has succeeded in reservation this film a classic the movie always being referenced as one of the best in its genre. Though this success, of course, was made possible by the teamwork of all the people who participated in the film, mostly, it was Hawks auteur vision that guaranteed the films triumph. His Girl Friday is actually a remake of Lewis Milestones The Front Page (1931).Hawks do by the original film differently by making a gender swap of one of the main characters in the film. The character Hildegard Johnson (played by Rosalind Russell) is actually a male lead reporter in the first movie Hawks revamped the entire story by making the character in the second film a woman, adding a love angle to the films plot. Hawks auteur vision made it possible to twist the entire film, adding flavor to its narrative form.Hawks decision to make a gender swap in the film was one of th e formulas that led to its critical success. After seeing His Girl Friday, it is almost hard to imagine Hildy as a guy as he was one in the original movie, especially that the cast had done a good job in making their characters as realistic as possible. Not only that it added an entire new sub-plot to the film, the gender swap also added spice in the sense that it ensured the advancement of actions in for each one scene.But perhaps the one thing most noticeable about the film is its speed the witty, overlapping and almost spontaneous exchange of dialogues between characters (Bordwell and Thompson 385). The fast-paced plot that makes its audience gasping for air in each of its scenes, everything gearing up to meet its deadline, is perhaps the greatest thing in the movie. Technically, the plot is simple, and yet Hawks managed to add life out of its simplicity by bringing much energy into the film.

Extreme Parenting

Extreme P atomic number 18nting at that place is a pincer who is neer allowed to attend a sleep over or check a playdate. A tiddler that must constantly practice the violin, do homework, and is never allowed any free time to do as she pleases. This is the pincer of an primitive p bent. Parenting methods have long been a subject of controversy, but a new trend in parenting called tiger parenting may be the well-nigh controversial of today. The method of extreme parenting or parents that go to extreme lengths to give their nipperren a head start over their peers can actually be quite detri affable to a frys proper(ip) culture.Extreme parenting is considered effective by somewhat but, ineffective and b consecrateing on abusive by others. Extreme parents, also known as Tiger parents, go beyond customary extremes to compel their children to succeed. They do this by forcing their children to participate and excel in a certain activity. They often use harsh punishment for fai lure, but believe that their actions check their children. They are different from the exemplary parent because of how they define their childs advantage and happiness.According to the article Key Events in the History of Extreme Parenting from Facts On commove the release of Amy Chuas book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother in January 2011 sparked a debate between people who watch over Amy Chaus extreme parenting style as essential to help children reach their full potential and those who think it borders on child abuse. (Key Events) The subject of extreme parenting is a sensitive angiotensin converting enzyme in which many people have really strong and differing opinions. Most people agree that children need discipline in their weathers but the line between what is fascinate and what is not has been blurred.Both extreme and permissive parents believe that their style of parenting is what is best for a childs personal growth. An extreme parent is very involved with their chi lds life and often makes all of their ends for them. These parents will use harsh disciple to keep their child in line. A permissive parent allows their child to have a great deal of freedom and will use few or no forms of discipline. Both kinds of parents, of course, believe that their way is the best. What harm or good can come from a parent macrocosm in any case tick offling or demanding of their child is the main dilemma for parents.Another main area of dissimilarity is what each kind of parent considers abusive behavior. In an article by C. J. bare-asston, a learning specialist, he helps to distinguish exactly what constitutes emotional child abuse. The field of study Center on Child Abuse and Neglect describes it as acts or omissions by the parents or other caregivers that have caused, or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders. The article then goes on to list the various kinds of abuse. These include belittling, coldness, cruelty, h arassment, isolating, and rejecting. Newton) However, not all parents may agree with this definition of abuse or incuring that the benefits muted outweigh the faults. The children of Tiger parents may be good at school, sports, or playing instruments but there are definite drawbacks. Many different studies and stick tos have been conducted on the subject and they have all come up with very negative results. I also conducted a survey on extreme parenting. The survey was given to 50 random students who are currently members of Professor Van Ecks English 250 class at Ferris State University.The results of this survey were also well critical of extreme parenting. Tiger parenting is extremely rough on children and can hurt them psychologically and emotionally. The lasting scars that this parenting style inflicts on children can never time up to the benefits. Supporters of extreme parenting say what many people consider aggressive or extreme parenting techniques are just a part of g ood, responsible parenting. Amy Chau is the Chinese American mother of two girls and the author of Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.In her book she describes how she raised her daughters in what she calls the Traditional Chinese way. At the beginning the prototypic chapter Chau lists of some of the things her daughters where never allowed to do. These include attend a sleepover, have a playdate, be in a school play, complain about not being in a school play, watch tv or play computer games, choose their own extracurricular activities, trip up any grade little than an A, and not be the No. 1 student in both subject except gym and drama. (3-4) One common form of discipline extreme parents use is bouncy.According to the article Corporal Punishment on Facts on File more than 90% of parents admit to having larruped their children and between 60% and 70%, admit to spanking them regularly. The article goes on to point out how critics of spanking think it is outrages that children rem ain the only people in America who may be legally beaten. (Corporal) However, to the spicyest degree of the students in my survey found spanking to be an acceptable form of discipline. The three forms they objected to were slapping, verbal insults, and yelling. I completely agree with these results.None aggressive forms of discipline are the best kind. This is one of the main reasons extreme parenting is inappropriate. A parent should discipline their child with punishments such as time-outs, groundings and taking away their privileges. Spanking is the only exception but, should only be employed for special circumstances. It is difficult to say exactly what constitutes an appropriate time to spank your child. However, spanking a child should never be a regular occurrence and a parent must ceaselessly be in control of their emotions while doing it.If a parent must spank their child regularly it may begin to turn abusive and is obviously not fixing the problem. A more relaxed paren ting style is better for building childrens self-confidence, because the children see that their parents making love does not depend on their academic success. When a parent is constantly focused on their childs academic success the child will begin to feel they are not good enough for their parent. Obviously, this is will hurt their self-esteem a lot. Tiger parents see their tough love approach as preparing their child for whatever the world throws at them.Yet, According to the article by Pinky McKay, the mother of five, an International Board Certified lactation Consultant (IBCLC) and a Certified Infant Massage Instructor, when parents comfort their crying babies it actually helps teach their brains to manage stress well. This is based on a new-made studies that show leaving babies to cry alone increases their stress hormones. This abandonment could also lead children to have stress disorders such as panic, anxiety and depression later on in life. (McKay) While the children in this article are very young it proves that tough love is not invariably the best technique.A parent needs to always support their child. They should push their child to succeed but, in an encouraging manner. Extreme parenting encourages conformity but not creativity. These extreme parents make every big decision for their child. By controlling their every move they do not allow them do discover their own interest or abilities. My parents were uncompromising but in no way extreme. When it came to being punished, often just the threat of a punishment would be enough. They set up an environment were certain rules and behaviors had to be abided by. My siblings and I knew what the consequences of our sturdy behavior would be.Simply having clearly defined rules lead us to be, for the most part, well behaved children. When it came to extracurricular activities are parents did not control are decisions at all. Because they allowed us this freedom we all became very unique individuals wi th varying interests. For example my one brother was in a lot of sports and enjoyed being active. My other brother never played any sports, but was in every school play. Strict parents have a very limited idea of what constitutes success and set their children up for failure. Most extreme parents focus on their childs academic achievement.This causes their children to see academic success as the only kind of success. Therefore, if they do not do well in school they are complete failures at life. Yan Sun has been a professor of political science at the City University of New York since 1992 and has published two books as well as numerous academic papers about China. Suns article in The New York generation describes why in China there is such a strong emphasis on education. She explains that it originated from a tradition of preparing the best and brightest for the challenging imperial exams.Today, this inexorable parenting is fueled by parents concerns about academic competition an d professional opportunities. The gaokao, a college entrance exam has even been known to push students to suicide. Sun concludes by discussing how likewise much parental guidance can lead to a loss in creativity, individuality, and leadership skills. (Sun) The most alarming part of this article is how students have commit suicide because of an exam. This just goes to show how too much emphasis on academics can end disastrously.These students obviously saw academics as the only kind of success and if they couldnt do well on the exam then they had no reason to love. This is an extremely sad and untrue belief. Successful adults are not always the ones who excelled in school. Success comes in many different forms and in many different ways. An excellent example of someone who was successful without academics is Mark Zuckerburg. He is the chief operating officer of Facebook and the youngest billionaire in the world. Zuckerburg attended Harvard University for two years before dropping out to further develop his social networking site Facebook.If his parents had been extreme parents they would have never allowed him to head Harvard to pursue his entrepreneurial dreams, and we might not have Facebook. His father encourages parents to support their childrens strengths and passions with a balance of work and play. Just because a child is successful at school does not mean they will be successful at life. The new trend called Tiger parenting is notorious for being harsh, yet these parents insist that they do it for the betterment of the child. However, a recent study indicates that this extreme parenting is a lot tougher on children then these parents may realize.According to an article by Stephanie Pappas, a Houston-based science generator with a Bachelor of arts in psychology and a minor in medical humanities, Desiree Baolian Qin, a professor in the department of human development and family studies at Michigan State University, conducted a series of studies to e valuate the effects of Tiger parenting on children. To do this she compared Chinese-American ninth graders with European-American ninth-graders at the same highly war-ridden U. S. school. Qin explained that strict parenting and high academic achievement are common in Chinese immigrant families.She discovered that the Chinese students reported higher levels of conflict in their families, in general around education, and lower levels of cohesion. These students were also more stressed and depressed than their American classmates, and showed lower self-esteem. Qin concluded that the more conflict and less cohesion in a teens family, the more likely they were to have poor mental health. When the students were questioned many complained that their parents constantly talked about academics, reacted passionately to their failures, and regularly compared them to other high achievers, such as their old siblings.The results for this study speak for themselves. Both the American and Chinese students were considered high achievers, but the Chinese students showed a considerably larger amount of issues. There is a big cultural difference between western and Chinese parenting styles. Tiger or Chinese parents usually consider themselves to be superior to western parents. They feel that their strict parenting style helps their child be successful. However, the results from this study indicate that Western and Chinese parenting styles lead to equally successful children.The only difference is that the Chinese students feel a lot more pressure and thus have more mental issues such as depression and anxiety. After, looking at these results it is hard for one to say that Chinese parents are really superior. In fact, these results imply that Tiger parenting does a lot more harm than good for a child. These Chinese children may turn out to be very successful adults but it is not necessary to use such harsh parenting. Children may become afraid of their parents because of their st rict rules and even begin to hide things. Tiger parents say it is not their job to be their childs friend.However, they cannot be a proper parent if their child is scared of them. Lylah M. Alphonse is a senior editor and writer at Yahoo s Shine and a Boston-based journalist, writer, editor, and blogger. In one of Alphonses articles she gives her point of pile on extreme parenting used by mothers like Amy Chau. Alphonse describes how Chau once threw a birthday card in her daughters face and told her it wasnt good enough. After describing this moorage she poses a very good question That kind of motivation rarely works on an adult. So why is it OK to talk like that to a child? (Alphonse) This kind of discipline is undoubtedly very hurtful towards the child. When a child constantly fears that they will disappoint their parents it could cause them to pull away. They may not tell their parents about a problem they are having because they fear their reaction. This can be very dangerous f or the child. Children need to be able to confide in their parents. For example, they may be struggling in school but are afraid to tell their parents. This could lead to them falling even farther behind. Because Tiger parents control every aspect of their childs life, they become dependent on their parents.These children count on their parents to make every decision for them and thus lack the vital skill of decision making. Over 68% of the students in my survey said that they believed strict parenting leads to less confident children. These extreme parents may help steer their children in the right direction but they wont always be there to make their decisions for them. Being able to make big decisions is not favourable but it is a skill everyone should have. Because these parent structure every part of the childs life they are not properly prepared to live on their own as adults.One of the hardest decisions I have had to make is what career field to enter into. While my parents helped me to make this decision by making suggestions and control me the end decision was ultimately mine. An extreme parent may even make this decision for their child. However, it is not their decision to make because it is the child who must live with the results of it. In the end It is better for a child to be happy, than successful. Author Kate Wharmby Seldman is the Health and Entertainment Editor at Opposing Views and she reported on some very extreme parenting in one of her articles.The article is about a beauty pageant mother in San Francisco who regularly injects her eight-year-old daughter with Botox to require rid of wrinkles, so she can compete in beauty pageants. The mother claims this helps her daughter gain an edge in beauty pageants. (Seldman) This mother is not your typical kind of extreme parent. She is not pushing her daughter in school but, in beauty pageants. Many will probably agree that what this mother is doing is very extreme. While giving her daughter t hese injections may give her a leg up in these competitions it cannot be pleasant to receive them.Nobody likes to get shots, especially not little girls. Plus, her daughter is so young it can have little effect anyway. This mother is causing her daughter unnecessary pain and raising her daughter to have an extremely skewed sense of self-worth. Personally, I would choose happiness over success any day. Perhaps the worst result of extreme parenting is that the bad memories will stay with the child forever. Lac Su is an executive for TalentSmart, a global think tank and management consulting firm and a writer aft(prenominal) 5 p. m. and on the weekends.In an article written by Su he shares his own personal experience with being the child of tiger parents. He begins his article with stating how horrified he was after reading about Amy Chau new book. Su describes how he was also raised by tiger parents and that still today he bears the wounds from it. Sus parents would constantly remind him that he was stupid because he didnt excel at school and forbid him to spend time with friends no matter how hard he worked. Perhaps the most terrifying story he tells is how his parents would force him to eat the brain of a cow every weekend in an attempt to cure his stupidity.Su ends his article with a plea to Chau saying, I would trade every last bit of my success in life to live without the deep wounds given to me by a Tiger Mother. (Su) Childhood experiences shape our lives and stay with us forever. Some of my fondest memories are from when I was a kid. I can remember playing outside with my siblings almost every day. We spent most of our time in the woods behind are house, exploring and playing games. Even so, my siblings and I all did well in school. We knew that we could play as long as we wanted to, as long as we finished our work first.Simply put childhood is the time to be a child. Extreme parents are ruining this precious time for their children. They are so concern ed about their childrens future that they sacrifice the happiness and carefree experience of being a child. You only get to be young once. Parents shouldnt spoil this experience for their children. In conclusion, extreme parenting is simply too extreme and should be avoided by parents. There is no one perfect way to raise a child, nor is there a perfect parent. Nevertheless, certain parenting techniques should never be used. Tiger parenting may get results but, it is not the only way.A happy child does not spend all their time practicing the violin, doing their homework and learning to speak a foreign language. It is much easier to order someone to work harder when they are struggling, than to talk with them about why they are having problems and try to find a solution. It is okay for a parent to have high expectations for their child but they should convey those expectations in a caring and lov ing way. Discipline can be extremely beneficial to a child but too much will do the oppo site. The most important thing to remember is that a child must still be allowed to be a child.

Australian artist

The e genuinelyday phenomenon or contemporary art is art made since World War II or the art made or produced at the incumbent demo in time. Since 20th century the common concern was and is what constitutes of art. Contemporary art is non invariably easy for it takes a individual to the heart of legion(predicate) ideologies and issues. And for our case it helps Australian populace to know their past, present and future. (Crosskey 77) National identity was an issue the Australians argued about in 1990s the symbols, images representing Australians experience and history. fraudists focus on symbols or issues that we ourselves do non treat with seriousness e. g. suburban houses or even acknowledgement of indigenous Australians experiences. ruse display welcomes questions but also a reflection of values, history and lifestyle. (Daly 188) Australian Art Australian aboriginal art and post colonial art argon classified under art of Australia. In both western traditions and indigenous traditions Australia has produced distinguished artists. The uniting subject for both histories of Australian art is the sacredness and importance of the land. (Smith 42) primal colonial art when taken to Europe was received with skepticism.John Lewin was the first resident professional Australian artist he arrived in 1800 and had two publications on vivid history of art. In natural history, in 830 especially there was some ethnographic portraiture of Aboriginals. (Lindsay 138) There has been a gradual change since 1788 in Australian art from a European sense of light to an Australian atomic number 53. Lighting sense in European differ from Australian this is reflected on early attempts at landscapes. In 1835 to 1878 Conrad Martens a professional artist painted many landscapes which made him monetaryly successful.His fetch on landscape was regarded softened so as to jib European emotional response. John Glover was another significant landscape artist of this era. (Pratt 69, 2 40) In 1840s attempts of art exhibitions were made and managed to attract some artists but there financial difficulties. Regular exhibition became popularized by 1850s with huge display of various arts. (Lindsay 138) Decorative art such as water touch painting, miniature, and functional objects such as urns, before second war I became more popular in Australia.Modernist art after World War I began to be felt and manage disputes between detractors and its practitioners. (Wood 30) Archibald Prize the most famed art prize was founded in 1921 even though definition of portraiture has al substances yielded to disagreements. There was evident dun pollination of Aboriginal and western art in 1930s and 1940s, after Australian interior was opened. (Art Gallery of New South Wales 19-22) Artists in 1940s began to set about other styles such as Surrealism and others. John Brack brought to attention suburban landscape there was an increased landscape painting.Brett Whitely a Sydney artist wa s one of the known painters tame on his passing away in 1992. (Biennale of Sydney, 102) Papunya Tula School or dot art developed after Geoffrey Bardon a teacher in 1971-1972 motivated the Aboriginal spate of Papunya to paint their dream time narratives on canvas, one of well known artist of dot art is Clifford Possum. Dot Art style art has live on well recognized by out the world. Some of well known contemporary Australian artist have progressively used video and photography i. e. Tracy Moffat in their work. (Art Gallery of New 50-62)Aboriginal artists that make use of western in-between have been recognized internationally and seen as recent time great painters spokesperson be Freddy Timms. The Australian war memorial has some authorized war artists such as Rick Amor and others for East Timor peacekeeping mission, Lewis Miller in the 2003 Iraq War. (Bosch 90) Artists Imants agriculturalist Diaspora of Imants Tiller art took an everyday phenomenon that was overlooked. Diaspo ra means a dispersal of populace of same national beliefs or origin. Diaspora was a series of Imants Tillers in 1990s which he described as a new exemplar in his work.His four painting were relating to displacement of persons from their original land of your birth due to colonization and dis correspondent cultures combination which makes the most part of the narratives and legacies of these societies in the 20th century. For people in Australian and New Zealand countries Diaspora is inbuilt in creation of the society that they ar today. (McCulloch 776) Imants paintings were Diaspora 1992, Izklied 1994, Paradiso 1994 and leave to reason 1996. The thing that was conspicuous about Tillers paintings was the way one big painting had small one next to each other.The impression that is created by Tillers contrastive interaction of his four art work is that one of worlds within worlds, moving in numerous courses within each work and from one to another. This works are in relation to Ti ll ongoing interest to turn over professed ideologies on periphery and centre of North America and Europe and on one side and comparatively indistinguishable places on the world stage e. g. Lavitia, Australia, and New Zealand. While the liberty of Baltic States was a facilitator for Tillers four series, his works integrate a broader concentration in the insider/outsider puzzle across boundaries.(McCulloch 776) His work also notes reoccurring cycles of loss, new beginnings and require admitting varied voices. A non-Balt or Balt that observed the great pro- emancipation protests in 1988 to 1991 will not remember them and the great moving wedge they had the tears, the songs, the sense of liberation as populace were able to utter open things which in forty years they were afraid even to sigh in secret For you shall know the truth and it will set you free Anatol Lievin. (Rowley 192-193) Diaspora 1992Tillers painting Diaspora 1992 was a reception to the theoretical political events in 1990 in Lavitia (Home nation to his parents). Tillers connection with Lavitia was unclear his alertness of an innate culture and the image was of the past, were constants in his childhood. They moved from Lavitia to Siberia in Baltic State which emerged after collapse of Soviet Union as refugee due to colonization. This led to Tillers outstanding sudden turnaround. (McCulloch 776) The painting that Tiller exhibited in Melbourne, at a Gallery was his first to enter Diaspora collection.This work included many references i. e. fragments of images, images, symbols and words from more than twenty works of art of eleven artists from dissimilar art chronological periods and dissimilar cultures. Pierre Restany commented The spectator witnesses an unfolding of coded messages and secret references, imprecations and fragments of ex-votos, making up the flux, or rather the weave of collective memory. (Rowley 192-193) Izkliede 1994 Izkliede 1994 was created with Australian spectators in pass. It composed of many small pictures worry in Diaspora 1992.Tillers second art has elements in moving up and downward in instabilities performances this can be trans new-fashionedd as globe come along than the purely purposeful and rational features of reality. Rudolf Steiner has described it, what is essential is the fact that the visualizations liberate the soul from dependence on the physical. Izeklied can have many meaning like a language. Swastika on the inflammatory matchbox symbol when it adopted by the Nazis caused people to die in millions, for over 3000 years the symbol had been used in many cultures symbolize life, sun and good luck.(Curnow 148) In Izklied there is Joseph Stalins head portraying political image and is surrounded by shapeless tradees. When this theatrical role was displayed in Sherman Galleries in 1994 it made a lot of impact to those who saw the piece. By the moment Tillers painted his version the Cold War it had already ended. In Tillers title he sugg ests that many other battles were in the mind of many people this included the need to take precaution and protect the surrounding through out the world. Let us posses one world, each has one, and is one this writing on the piece gave it new energy.(Curnow 148) Paradiso 1994 Paradiso 1994 is the third work of Tillers in Diaspora. Its context was transaction in a disjointed world. His third work was reflecting on relocated people anticipate for a new promised land after going through various problems. This notion or though was never a reality though the displaced people were freed from day to day domination in their own country. The smudge was very tough in the countries they took refuge in as they tried to go on with their lives. This ideology of paradise, is connected with faith gone astray, found and longed for.Tillers slots in Mekas book and his words writings We are dreaming of bread and liberty Well dream the same when we die Hungry, imprisoned, enslaved And scattered acros s the face of the land(Rowley, 192-193) Farewell for Reason 1996 In Farewell for Reason 1996, they are many secret codes that speak about mortality and rites across diverse cultures. In parting to reason the idea of recycling is seen because of the panels on the top left and right, in bold letters see and surf. His adaptation of the words such as surf an abbreviation for surfeit it has profaned and sacred implications.This work was the last on Diaspora by Tillers. (Rowley 192-193) Finally Diaspora series advocate that social, cultural and local specificities turn language and the manner we think, difference of culture is there for us to come to grips with it, coexistence is a procedure of becoming that is incessantly developing. (Curnow 48) Gordon Bennett and peter Robinson Peter Robinson and Gordon Bennett in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the have had the intention of commenting, exposing and reflecting on the occurrences of New Zealanders and Australians.Their works describe and state current day culture, considering the creation of country societies and histories after the colonial rule and also look into the function of an artist in the modern art industry. (Benjamin 127) The both have dissimilar degree of aboriginal descent in their personal past and this has manifested in production of the two artists work. Robison at first gained skills as a sculptor and Bennett work was on painting. Their origin has played a great role in their work for it is divergent in the art world and from how they define their own identity.They do not agree to be called indigene artists they prefer their art not to be weighed down by the descriptions of others. In each artist art work there are some evident elements such as intrinsic history, post European arrival and the impact of social politics and conflict with the awful nature and other cultural and current experiences. (Benjamin 127) Their works have been displayed in Three Colors Exhibition and Catalogue basically to give their work closeness rather than compare the two.They both knew very little about the components work for they had not met prior, but Three Colors gave them this opportunity for their art to talk to each other. In compassion with Ross Gibsons portrayal of a physical but also a thought of badland, a disturbing place that you feel compelled to revisit despite all your wishes for comfort or complacence Robison and Bennett react to and involve their cultures, to address problems that are likely to be ignored or serve that risk. Their approaches of art make us to keenly look at the difficult issues at hand (Cambridge 34-40)Bennetts expression on the abstract notion of identity bothered specific conformist views that regarded the native Australians, the hegemonic perspective of native culture and past as formulated by the colonial dialogue, and brought close concentration to the widespread implication of such deliberating for viewer and subject. Bennetts early works seemed to ha ve a liberating sense, for they confronted the Anglo-Saxon Australian description of history seeking to acknowledgement, motivate understanding and re-examining of approach and communal actions.(Cambridge 34-40) The Coming of light 1987 this is an indication of Bennetts early works which was filled with anger i. e. a sarcastic tone going throughout his practice. His title was indicating modernization and bringing light to savage mind which was dark. The Urban European attack in this project is represented by elements such as typical city buildings, a backdrop of a mass of European white faces looking with eyes wide opened at one black native and a guillotined jack-in-the-box hanging from a nose.Use of alphabets in his work is a symbol of capital and commerce, indicating the power in European language and other structures of thought. (Benjamin 127) Peter Robison in his work tried to answer What kind of Maori person was I, if at all? He was from Maori tribe. By choosing g art as a car eer he was to revive political and cultural interest in Maori individuality, language and customs at that time. He went deeper into the Maori heritage in his work I am of Maori descent and maybe Im aware of it, or completely unaware but Ive been de-tribalised.So when I started producing Maori art it was like I was part of a lost tribe that had lost its roots in Maoriness and was finding its own roots. (Benjamin 127) Gordon Bennett and Peter Robinson work Tongue Of The False Prophet (1992), 3. 125% (1994) and Untitled (1994) are indication of Robinsons reply, reviewing and investigating his individual stand in the intricacies of the New Zealand cultural state. Robison work the circumstances paintings, 3.125% (1994) symbolize the inquisitive position that he followed in answering to his Maoriness in an opened-ended method, focusing on the dualities inside his individual state of affairs and the superior bicultural state, through its olden times of battle over dominion and privile ges A large number of Robinsons works have centered on this issue not just the tools and methods that the power culture in New Zealand has used to de-legitimize and diminish Maori cultural identity and Maori rights to lands and resources, but also the impact that such experiences have had upon the Maori people. (Benjamin 127) 3.125 percentage , is the mathematics quantity of Maori blood containing Robinsons ancestry, a number that can be thought as insufficient or sufficient to assert social or cultural rights, depending on the alternative of defining structure blood, familiarity, or policy And then they accuse you of jumping on the Maori art bandwagon. The percentage paintings were a way of exposing these kinds of attitudes. It is my belief that Maori identity is a matter of identifying yourself as Maori belonging in terms of ancestral connections as opposed to being a concept of how a lot Maori you are in terms of blood quantities.(Benjamin 127) Self Portrait (Good Guys) has a powerful mournful expression on the psychic, self and social effect of color disparity and assimilation. It is against generalization and subsuming of identities on grounds such as scientific, social religious, political or any other grounds. This is what my project is all about not only through my art but in my coming to understand for myself that I am a measure of Australia and of Australian culture, that I was conditioned and socialize into this culture in a fairly average way.I feel that by deconstructing my false notions about myself and my Aboriginality then, in some way, I am also reflecting how that is being falsely reflected within Australian culture. So, theres this connection between my deconstructing this image in myself and deconstructing it in Australian culture. (Benjamin 127) Robinson respond to current concerns with ethnicity and identity or other issues is to satirise political accuracy. The irrefutable legacy of lineage is closely examined by Robinson and Benn ett in works acknowledging the difficulties of self identity.Self Portrait (Ancestor Figures) (1992) is one of Bennetts work mostly authenticated among their works. (Benjamin 127) Boy Am I Scarred, Eh (1997) there was a scarring and psychic damage to Maori after McCahons speculation. I see much of my current work as story painting, not as a documentary History painting, but rather it is painting that investigates the way history is constructed after the event, always mediated by someones point of view, a teleological one point perspective that reflects a Eurocentric bias.(Benjamin 127) In early 1990s Bennetts painting had accounts of optical grids, perspectives, black voids signs and dates signifying the impact and actions of arrangements of thinking applied by European colonial governments and individual putting borders and giving significance to the land of Australia and its populace. (Benjamin 127) Conclusion The Everyday phenomena style of art has alter the communities in a positive way since they get into issues that in most cases would have been ignored or overlooked.In Australia during the 1990s the artist and everyday theme was similar since during this period there were issues such as European colonization, displacement of people from their land and people taking refuge in other states in hope of a new start of their lives. Imants Tiller, Gordon Bennett and Peter Robison in their work have interest on the everyday phenomena in their work. (Crosskey, 77) Works Cited Bosch A. V. den, Aesthetics, Allen & Unwin Publishers, 2005, ISBN 1741144558 Biennale of Sydney, Sydney Opera House, Art, Modern, Biennale Publishers,2002 Wood P. , Perry G. , Postmodernism, YALE UNIV PR Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0300101430 Lindsay, R. , and et al, Painting, Modern, National Gallery of Victoria, 1983 Pratt W. B, Encyclopedias and dictionaries, Australia, Grolier society of Australia, 1977, ISBN 0959660402 Lindsay, R. et al, Art, Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, 198 7, ISBN 0724101225 Daly M. , et al, Australia, Rough Guides, 2003, ISBN1843530902 (Crosskey , J. Philip, Rose G. Roger, Art/Pacific Area, University of Hawaii Press, 1993, ISBN0824815734 Curnow w. , Art, Australia, Craftsman House, 1997, ISBN9057032716 (Rowley, S. , Handcraft/Philosophy, Allen & Unwin, 1997, ISBN 186448313X McCulloch, A. , Biography, Allen & Unwin, 1994, ISBN 1863733159Benjamin R. , Art, Australia, Guggenheim Museum, 1995, ISBN 0892071451 Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Art Modern, Clio Press, 1969 Art Gallery of New, South Wales, Art Modern, the Biennale Publishers, 1986, ISBN 0959661956? Smith, S. Ure, Traveling Exhibition, the Museum of Modern Art, 1941 Art Gallery of New South Wales Art, Australia, the Gallery, 1989?